Osteoporosis is a systemic metabolic disease. Bisphosphonates are the first ⁃line drugs in the treatment of osteoporosis，which have been proved to have significant effects on improving bone density and reduc⁃ ing the risk of fracture. This article systematically reviewed the mechanism of action，clinical efficacy，adverse reactions and drug holiday of several bisphosphonates，which might provide useful information for future research.