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The correlation between salivary IL⁃33， anti⁃salivary gland protein⁃1 antibody levels and salivary gland injury in primary Sjogren′s syndrome
Received date: 2025-03-14
Online published: 2025-07-02
Objective To investigate the correlation between salivary interleukin-33 （IL-33） and anti-salivary gland protein 1 （SP-1） antibody levels and salivary gland injury in primary Sjogren's syndrome （pSS）. Methods A total of 91 patients with pSS admitted to Yixing People's Hospital from March 2020 to January 2025 were recruited as the observation group. Meanwhile， 42 healthy individuals who were matched for gender and age and visited the same hospital during the same period were selected as the control group. The levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in saliva， along with clinical data， were compared between the observation group and the control group. Additionally， the levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in saliva were compared among patients with different salivary gland ultrasound （SGUS） scores. Moreover， the correlations between the levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in saliva of pSS patients and saliva flow rate， clinical indicators， and SGUS scores were analyzed. Results The levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group （P < 0.05）. The dynamic saliva flow rate and static saliva flow rate in the observation group were notably lower than those in the control group （P < 0.05）， while the neutrophil count， CD4+ cell count， and immunoglobulin G（IgG） levels in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group （P < 0.05）. In patients with a submandibular gland Sj?gren's Ultrasound Scoring （SGUS） score ≥ 2， the levels of salivary IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies were significantly higher than those in patients with a submandibular gland SGUS score < 2 （P < 0.05）. Similarly， in patients with a parotid gland SGUS score ≥2， the levels of salivary IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies were significantly higher than those in patients with a parotid SGUS score < 2 （P < 0.05）. Correlation analysis indicated that the levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in the saliva of pSS patients were positively correlated with the dynamic saliva flow rate， static saliva flow rate， CD4+ cell count， and SGUS score （P < 0.05）. However， the levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in the saliva of pSS patients were not correlated with the IgG level and neutrophil count （P > 0.05）. Conclusions The levels of IL-33 and anti-SP-1 antibodies in saliva are positively correlated with the saliva flow rate， CD4+ cell count， and SGUS score in pSS patients. These findings suggest that these factors can serve as valuable indicators for evaluating salivary gland injury in pSS patients.
Jiaxin YAN , Yiwen SHI . The correlation between salivary IL⁃33， anti⁃salivary gland protein⁃1 antibody levels and salivary gland injury in primary Sjogren′s syndrome[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2025 , 41(12) : 1879 -1884 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.12.016
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