Reviews

Advances in the role and mechanism of ISG15 in malignant tumours of the gastrointestinal tract

  • Ping JIANG ,
  • Xiaoqin LUO ,
  • Shaoqian ZHAI ,
  • Chengzhu CAO ,
  • Zhanhai. SU
Expand
  • *.College of Basic Medical Sciences Qinghai University,Xining 810001,Qinghai,China

Received date: 2024-09-27

  Online published: 2024-12-16

Abstract

Interferon?stimulating gene 15 (ISG15), an ubiquitin?like molecule belonging to the superfamily of ubiquitin?like proteins, is highly expressed in various malignant tumors and induced by type I interferon. However, its specific regulatory mechanism remains unclear. Numerous studies have demonstrated its close association with tumorigenesis and development. In this study, we provide a comprehensive review on the role of ISG15 protein in hepatocellular carcinoma, esophageal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, and other cancers. Our aim is to identify new therapeutic targets for gastrointestinal malignancies and improve prognostic assessment.

Cite this article

Ping JIANG , Xiaoqin LUO , Shaoqian ZHAI , Chengzhu CAO , Zhanhai. SU . Advances in the role and mechanism of ISG15 in malignant tumours of the gastrointestinal tract[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2024 , 40(23) : 3394 -3404 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2024.23.019

References

1 马寒素, 陈韵, 刘玉琛, 等. 脂肪酸酰胺水解酶在不同癌症中的表达及其与预后和免疫微环境的关系[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2022,38(11): 1365-1372.
2 应超, 丁晖, 蔡彦宁. cfDNA浓度及完整性在癌症中的诊断及预后价值[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2023,39(9): 1185-1189.
3 SUNG H, FERLAY J, SIEGEL R L, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2021,71(3): 209-249. doi:10.3322/caac.21660
4 SABOUR L, SABOUR M, GHORBIAN S. Clinical Applications of Next-Generation Sequencing in Cancer Diagnosis[J]. Pathol Oncol Res, 2017,23(2): 225-234. doi:10.1007/s12253-016-0124-z
5 BOUKHALED G M, HARDING S, BROOKS D G. Opposing Roles of Type I Interferons in Cancer Immunity[J]. Annu Rev Pathol, 2021,16: 167-198. doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-031920-093932
6 ALI S, MANN-NüTTEL R, SCHULZE A, et al. Sources of Type I Interferons in Infectious Immunity: Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Not Always in the Driver's Seat[J]. Front Immunol, 2019,10: 778. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.00778
7 LAURENCE A, PESU M, SILVENNOINEN O, et al. JAK Kinases in Health and Disease: An Update[J]. Open Rheumatol J, 2012,6: 232-244. doi:10.2174/1874312901206010232
8 YANAI H, NEGISHI H, TANIGUCHI T. The IRF family of transcription factors: Inception, impact and implications in oncogenesis[J]. Oncoimmunology, 2012,1(8): 1376-1386. doi:10.4161/onci.22475
9 闫妍, 于韬. 干扰素刺激基因15的研究进展[J]. 现代肿瘤医学, 2020,28(14): 2528-2532.
10 SCHOGGINS J W, RICE C M. Interferon-stimulated genes and their antiviral effector functions[J]. Curr Opin Virol, 2011,1(6): 519-525. doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2011.10.008
11 PERNG Y C, LENSCHOW D J. ISG15 in antiviral immunity and beyond[J]. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2018,16(7): 423-439. doi:10.1038/s41579-018-0020-5
12 MIRZALIEVA O, JUNCKER M, SCHWARTZENBURG J, et al. ISG15 and ISGylation in Human Diseases[J]. Cells, 2022, 11(3):538. doi:10.3390/cells11030538
13 SADLER A J, WILLIAMS B R. Interferon-inducible antiviral effectors[J]. Nat Rev Immunol, 2008,8(7): 559-568. doi:10.1038/nri2314
14 DOS S P, MANSUR D S. Beyond ISGlylation: Functions of Free Intracellular and Extracellular ISG15[J]. J Interferon Cytokine Res, 2017,37(6): 246-253. doi:10.1089/jir.2016.0103
15 LI C, WANG J, ZHANG H, et al. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a trigger for tumorigenesis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Oncotarget, 2014,5(18): 8429-8441. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.2316
16 QIU X, HONG Y, YANG D, et al. ISG15 as a novel prognostic biomarker for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Int J Clin Exp Med, 2015,8(10): 17140-17150.
17 WAN X X, CHEN H C, KHAN M A, et al. ISG15 inhibits IFN-alpha-resistant liver cancer cell growth[J]. Biomed Res Int, 2013,2013: 570909. doi:10.1155/2013/570909
18 BEKTAS N, NOETZEL E, VEECK J, et al. The ubiquitin-like molecule interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a potential prognostic marker in human breast cancer[J]. Breast Cancer Res, 2008,10(4): R58. doi:10.1186/bcr2117
19 SATAKE H, TAMURA K, FURIHATA M, et al. The ubiquitin-like molecule interferon-stimulated gene 15 is overexpressed in human prostate cancer[J]. Oncol Rep, 2010,23(1): 11-16. doi:10.3892/or_00000600
20 DESAI S D, REED R E, BURKS J, et al. ISG15 disrupts cytoskeletal architecture and promotes motility in human breast cancer cells[J]. Exp Biol Med (Maywood), 2012,237(1): 38-49. doi:10.1258/ebm.2011.011236
21 YUAN H, ZHOU W, YANG Y, et al. ISG15 promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tumorigenesis via c-MET/Fyn/beta-catenin signaling pathway[J]. Exp Cell Res, 2018,367(1): 47-55. doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.03.017
22 CHEN R H, Du Y, HAN P, et al. ISG15 predicts poor prognosis and promotes cancer stem cell phenotype in nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. Oncotarget, 2016,7(13): 16910-16922. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.7626
23 ALCALA S, SANCHO P, MARTINELLI P, et al. ISG15 and ISGylation is required for pancreatic cancer stem cell mitophagy and metabolic plasticity[J]. Nat Commun, 2020,11(1): 2682. doi:10.1038/s41467-020-16395-2
24 AKUTSU M, YE Y, VIRDEE S, et al. Molecular basis for ubiquitin and ISG15 cross-reactivity in viral ovarian tumor domains[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2011,108(6): 2228-2233. doi:10.1073/pnas.1015287108
25 FALVEY C M, O'DONOVAN T R, EL-MASHED S, et al. UBE2L6/UBCH8 and ISG15 attenuate autophagy in esophageal cancer cells[J]. Oncotarget, 2017,8(14): 23479-23491. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.15182
26 MATSUMURA Y, YASHIRO M, OHIRA M, et al. 5-Fluorouracil up-regulates interferon pathway gene expression in esophageal cancer cells[J]. Anticancer Res, 2005,25(5): 3271-3278.
27 MCEWEN D P, RAY P, NANCARROW D J, et al. ISG15/GRAIL1/CD3 axis influences survival of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma[J]. JCI Insight, 2024,9(13):e179315. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.179315
28 OYOSHI H, DU J, SAKAI S A, et al. Comprehensive single-cell analysis demonstrates radiotherapy-induced infiltration of macrophages expressing immunosuppressive genes into tumor in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Sci Adv, 2023,9(50): eadh9069. doi:10.1126/sciadv.adh9069
29 TAO J, HUA P, WEN J, et al. Prognostic value of ISG15 mRNA level in drinkers with esophageal squamous cell cancers[J]. Int J Clin Exp Pathol, 2015,8(9): 10975-10984.
30 李戴牟. 肠型和弥漫型胃癌的转录组学特征及核心基因的筛选与验证[D]. 南宁:广西医科大学, 2022.
31 刘腾. Linc00673靶向调控ISG15在胃癌增殖和侵袭转移中的作用及分子机制研究[D]. 衡阳:南华大学, 2018.
32 唐嘉黛. 胃癌转移的临床病理特点及预后分析[D]. 昆明:昆明医科大学, 2022.
33 张颖一. 胃癌中差异表达mRNA、lncRNA、circRNA的鉴定分析及核心circRNA circFOXO3的功能与作用[D]. 上海:中国人民解放军海军军医大学, 2020.
34 SHEN J, WEI J, WANG H, et al. A three-gene signature as potential predictive biomarker for irinotecan sensitivity in gastric cancer[J]. J Transl Med, 2013,11: 73. doi:10.1186/1479-5876-11-73
35 黄莹, 田德英, 张振纲. 戊型肝炎病毒ORF3蛋白对人肝癌细胞中Ⅰ型干扰素及ISG15蛋白表达的影响[J]. 中西医结合肝病杂志, 2017,27(3): 161-163.
36 李硕, 白金钊, 刘闰平. 18β-甘草次酸增强固有免疫细胞中Ⅰ型干扰素响应进而协同抑制肝癌生长的机制研究[J]. 中草药, 2022,53(16): 5034-5043.
37 汪蔷华, 李祥. 干扰素刺激基因15在原发性肝癌中的表达及与患者预后的关系[J]. 内科, 2020,15(6): 676-679.
38 颜伟, 刘安文, 蔡婧, 等. 泛素特异性蛋白酶18在肝癌细胞中的表达及其对生物学活性的影响研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2015,18(33): 4077-4083.
39 杨婧. NFE2L3介导ISGylated p53经蛋白酶体依赖性降解促进肝癌细胞增殖的作用机制研究[D]. 南充:川北医学院, 2023.
40 宋红莉. 原发性肝癌转移的临床病理特征及预后分析[D]. 昆明:昆明医科大学, 2023.
41 TONG H V, HOAN N X, BINH M T, et al. Upregulation of Enzymes involved in ISGylation and Ubiquitination in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Int J Med Sci, 2020,17(3): 347-353. doi:10.7150/ijms.39823
42 汪蔷华, 庞青, 王学故, 等. 肝癌细胞PI3K/Akt信号通路在干扰素2α上调ISG15表达中的作用[J]. 中华全科医学, 2021,19(2): 182-185.
43 戈进. eEF1A1通过调控ISG化影响肝癌细胞化疗敏感性[D]. 南昌:南昌大学, 2016.
44 汪洋. HZ-6d靶向HER C5抑制肝细胞癌中p53的ISG化[D]. 合肥:安徽医科大学, 2018.
45 李馨雨. 下调BAG3通过抑制ISG15翻译抑制胰腺导管腺癌干细胞样表型[D]. 沈阳:中国医科大学, 2019.
46 孙佳. TRIM29表达下调通过促进ISG15蛋白降解抑制胰腺导管腺癌干细胞样表型[D]. 沈阳:中国医科大学, 2020.
47 王亮. 胰腺癌miRNA-423-3p靶向调控ISG15对PD-L1的作用机制研究[D]. 衡阳:南华大学, 2021.
48 贺雅芝, 王锋, 王阳, 等. SMAD4下调通过抑制Ⅰ型IFN信号通路促进胰腺癌转移[J]. 同济大学学报(医学版), 2023,44(3): 326-335.
49 刘涛, 周磊, 肖晶晶, 等. 泛素/ISG15结合酶E2癌中的作用及其临床价值分析[J]. 中国普通外科杂志,2022,31(3):319-328.
50 BURKS J, FLEURY A, LIVINGSTON S, et al. ISG15 pathway knockdown reverses pancreatic cancer cell transformation and decreases murine pancreatic tumor growth via downregulation of PDL-1 expression[J]. Cancer Immunol Immunother, 2019,68(12): 2029-2039. doi:10.1007/s00262-019-02422-9
51 INA S, HIRONO S, NODA T, et al. Identifying molecular markers for chemosensitivity to gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer: increased expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15 kd is associated with intrinsic chemoresistance[J]. Pancreas, 2010,39(4): 473-485. doi:10.1097/mpa.0b013e3181c0decc
52 KHAN A A, HUANG H, ZHAO Y, et al. WBSCR22 and TRMT112 synergistically suppress cell proliferation, invasion and tumorigenesis in pancreatic cancer via transcriptional regulation of ISG15[J]. Int J Oncol, 2022,60(3):24. doi:10.3892/ijo.2022.5314
53 MENG Y, BIAN L, ZHANG M, et al. ISG15 Promotes Progression and Gemcitabine Resistance of Pancreatic Cancer Cells Through ATG7[J]. Int J Biol Sci, 2024,20(4): 1180-1193. doi:10.7150/ijbs.85424
54 SAINZ B J, MARTIN B, TATARI M, et al. ISG15 is a critical microenvironmental factor for pancreatic cancer stem cells[J]. Cancer Res, 2014,74(24): 7309-7320. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-1354
55 KIM S T, SOHN I, DO I G, et al. Transcriptome analysis of CD133-positive stem cells and prognostic value of survivin in colorectal cancer[J]. Cancer Genomics Proteomics, 2014,11(5): 259-266.
56 LEE J, LI L, GRETZ N, et al. Absent in Melanoma 2 (AIM2) is an important mediator of interferon-dependent and -independent HLA-DRA and HLA-DRB gene expression in colorectal cancers[J]. Oncogene, 2012,31(10): 1242-1253. doi:10.1038/onc.2011.320
57 LEE J H, BAE J A, LEE J H, et al. Glycoprotein 90K, downregulated in advanced colorectal cancer tissues, interacts with CD9/CD82 and suppresses the Wnt/beta-catenin signal via ISGylation of beta-catenin[J]. Gut, 2010,59(7): 907-917. doi:10.1136/gut.2009.194068
58 PINTO-FERNANDEZ A, SALIO M, PARTRIDGE T, et al. Deletion of the deISGylating enzyme USP18 enhances tumour cell antigenicity and radiosensitivity[J]. Br J Cancer, 2021,124(4): 817-830. doi:10.1038/s41416-020-01167-y
59 TANG N, LIU X. USP18 promotes colon adenocarcinoma progression via targeting the ERK-MNK signaling pathway[J]. J Gene Med, 2024,26(7): e3709. doi:10.1002/jgm.3709
60 ZHAO J, WEN G, DING M, et al. Comparative proteomic analysis of colon cancer cell HCT-15 in response to all-trans retinoic acid treatment[J]. Protein Pept Lett, 2012,19(12): 1272-1280. doi:10.2174/092986612803521675
61 CHERIYAMUNDATH S, BASU S, HAASE G, et al. ISG15 induction is required during L1-mediated colon cancer progression and metastasis[J]. Oncotarget, 2019,10(67): 7122-7131. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.27390
62 BROWN A R, SIMMEN R C, RAJ V R, et al. Kruppel-like factor 9 (KLF9) prevents colorectal cancer through inhibition of interferon-related signaling[J]. Carcinogenesis, 2015,36(9): 946-955. doi:10.1093/carcin/bgv104
63 刘洋君, 李丽, 陆晓丹. miR-370调控ISG15表达对喉癌细胞增殖、迁移的影响[J]. 河北医药, 2022,44(16): 2416-2420.
64 张齐梅, 周骢, 伍宝琴, 等. 槲皮素对口腔鳞状细胞癌ISG15表达及细胞迁移侵袭影响[J]. 泸州医学院学报, 2016,39(3): 242-244.
65 HAN B, ZHENG R, ZENG H, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality in China, 2022[J]. J Natl Cancer Cent, 2024,4(1):47-53. doi:10.1016/j.jncc.2024.01.006
66 BRAY F, LAVERSANNE M, SUNG H, et al. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2024,74(3): 229-263. doi:10.3322/caac.21834
67 EL-SERAG H B. Hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. N Engl J Med, 2011,365(12): 1118-1127. doi:10.1056/nejmra1001683
68 SHERMAN M. Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology, surveillance, and diagnosis[J]. Semin Liver Dis, 2010,30(1): 3-16. doi:10.1055/s-0030-1247128
69 HAN Y F, ZHAO J, MA L Y, et al. Factors predicting occurrence and prognosis of hepatitis-B-virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2011,17(38): 4258-4270. doi:10.3748/wjg.v17.i38.4258
70 SGHAIER I, BROCHOT E, LOUESLATI B Y, et al. Hepatitis C virus protein interaction network for HCV clearance and association of DAA to HCC occurrence via data mining approach: A systematic review and critical analysis[J]. Rev Med Virol, 2019,29(2): e2033. doi:10.1002/rmv.2033
71 REAL C I, MEGGER D A, SITEK B, et al. Identification of proteins that mediate the pro-viral functions of the interferon stimulated gene 15 in hepatitis C virus replication[J]. Antiviral Res, 2013,100(3): 654-661. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.10.009
72 HOAN N X, VAN TONG H, GIANG D P, et al. Interferon-stimulated gene 15 in hepatitis B-related liver diseases[J]. Oncotarget, 2016,7(42): 67777-67787. doi:10.18632/oncotarget.11955
73 AMADDEO G, NGUYEN C T, MAILLE P, et al. Intrahepatic immune changes after hepatitis c virus eradication by direct-acting antiviral therapy[J]. Liver Int, 2020,40(1): 74-82. doi:10.1111/liv.14226
74 SOORYANARAIN H, HEFFRON C L, MAHSOUB H M, et al. Modulation of SOCS3 Levels via STAT3 and Estrogen-ERalphap66 Signaling during Hepatitis E Virus Replication in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells[J]. J Virol, 2022,96(19): e0100822. doi:10.1128/jvi.01008-22
75 CHOI J E, KWON J H, KIM J H, et al. Suppression of dual specificity phosphatase I expression inhibits hepatitis C virus replication[J]. PLoS One, 2015,10(3): e0119172. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0119172
76 BROERING R, ZHANG X, KOTTILIL S, et al. The interferon stimulated gene 15 functions as a proviral factor for the hepatitis C virus and as a regulator of the IFN response[J]. Gut, 2010,59(8): 1111-1119. doi:10.1136/gut.2009.195545
77 LOO Y M, OWEN D M, LI K, et al. Viral and therapeutic control of IFN-beta promoter stimulator 1 during hepatitis C virus infection[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 2006,103(15): 6001-6006. doi:10.1073/pnas.0601523103
78 李欣. 干扰素刺激基因15在原发性肝癌中的表达及意义的实验研究[D]. 苏州:苏州大学, 2012.
79 胡昌昌. 类泛素蛋白ISG15对乙型肝炎病毒相关性肝癌细胞Hep3B的生物学行为的影响[D]. 南昌:南昌大学, 2017.
80 黄丽芳. 原发性肝细胞癌中ISG15及TYMS的表达和临床意义[D]. 南宁:广西医科大学, 2021.
81 XIAO Y F, LIU S X, WU D D, et al. Inhibitory effect of arsenic trioxide on angiogenesis and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in gastric cancer[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2006,12(36): 5780-5786. doi:10.3748/wjg.v12.i36.5780
82 SHAHNEH F Z, BARADARAN B, ZAMANI F, et al. Tumor angiogenesis and anti-angiogenic therapies[J]. Hum Antibodies, 2013,22(1-2): 15-19. doi:10.3233/hab-130267
83 HE G, DHAR D, NAKAGAWA H, et al. Identification of liver cancer progenitors whose malignant progression depends on autocrine IL-6 signaling[J]. Cell, 2013,155(2): 384-396. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.031
84 MURPHY D, DETJEN K M, WELZEL M, et al. Interferon-alpha delays S-phase progression in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells via inhibition of specific cyclin-dependent kinases[J]. Hepatology, 2001,33(2): 346-356. doi:10.1053/jhep.2001.21749
85 WU W Z, SUN H C, GAO Y Q, et al. Reduction in p48-ISGFgamma levels confers resistance to interferon-alpha2a in MHCC97 cells[J]. Oncology, 2004,67(5-6): 428-440. doi:10.1159/000082928
86 DAMDINSUREN B, NAGANO H, WADA H, et al. Interferon alpha receptors are important for antiproliferative effect of interferon-alpha against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells[J]. Hepatol Res, 2007,37(1): 77-83. doi:10.1111/j.1872-034x.2007.00007.x
87 WONG N, CHAN K Y, MACGREGOR P F, et al. Transcriptional profiling identifies gene expression changes associated with IFN-alpha tolerance in hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma cells[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2005,11(3): 1319-1326. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.1319.11.3
88 LIU Z, MA M, YAN L, et al. miR-370 regulates ISG15 expression and influences IFN-alpha sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma cells[J]. Cancer Biomark, 2018,22(3): 453-466. doi:10.3233/cbm-171075
89 ZHU H, ZHAO H, COLLINS C D, et al. Gene expression associated with interferon alfa antiviral activity in an HCV replicon cell line[J]. Hepatology, 2003,37(5): 1180-1188. doi:10.1053/jhep.2003.50184
90 盛新仪. MiR-138通过下调ISG15的表达增强TRAIL诱导肝癌细胞凋亡的作用[D]. 衡阳:南华大学, 2016.
91 陈宝祥. 干扰ISG15基因对肝细胞肝癌去甲斑蝥素敏感性的影响及作用机制研究[D]. 苏州:苏州大学, 2020.
92 KELSEN D P, GINSBERG R, PAJAK T F, et al. Chemotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone for localized esophageal cancer[J]. N Engl J Med, 1998,339(27): 1979-1984. doi:10.1056/nejm199812313392704
93 LERUT T, COOSEMANS W, DE LEYN P, et al. Treatment of esophageal carcinoma[J]. Chest, 1999,116(6 ): 463S-465S. doi:10.1378/chest.116.suppl_3.463s
94 MCMANUS K, ANIKIN V, MCGUIGAN J. Total thoracic oesophagectomy for oesophageal carcinoma: has it been worth it?[J]. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 1999,16(3): 261-265. doi:10.1016/s1010-7940(99)00223-7
95 罗冬云. ISG15在食管鳞状细胞癌组织中的表达及其与USP18和PKM2的相关性[D]. 郑州:郑州大学, 2018.
96 RAY D, RAY P, FERRER-TORRES D, et al. Isoforms of RNF128 Regulate the Stability of Mutant P53 in Barrett's Esophageal Cells[J]. Gastroenterology, 2020,158(3): 583-597. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.10.040
97 袁红玉. snora121在食管癌转移过程中的作用及分子机制研究[D]. 北京:北京协和医学院, 2018.
98 李竞. 干扰素-λ真核表达体系的建立及其与化疗药物协同抗增殖作用机制的研究[D]. 石家庄:河北医科大学, 2016.
99 REITS E A, HODGE J W, HERBERTS C A, et al. Radiation modulates the peptide repertoire, enhances MHC class I expression, and induces successful antitumor immunotherapy[J]. J Exp Med, 2006,203(5): 1259-1271. doi:10.1084/jem.20052494
100 CYTLAK U M, DYER D P, HONEYCHURCH J, et al. Immunomodulation by radiotherapy in tumour control and normal tissue toxicity[J]. Nat Rev Immunol, 2022,22(2): 124-138. doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00568-1
101 张泽高. 放疗诱导的食管癌细胞基因表达变化对细胞功能及上皮间充质转化的影响[D]. 乌鲁木齐:新疆医科大学, 2020.
102 WANG P, WANG Y, LANGLEY S A, et al. Diverse tumour susceptibility in Collaborative Cross mice: identification of a new mouse model for human gastric tumourigenesis[J]. Gut, 2019,68(11): 1942-1952. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316691
103 田学昌. 胃腺癌关键基因的生物信息学分析及分期预测模型的构建与验证[D]. 长春:吉林大学, 2023.
104 SIEGEL R L, MILLER K D, JEMAL A. Cancer statistics, 2019[J]. CA Cancer J Clin, 2019,69(1): 7-34. doi:10.3322/caac.21551
105 RYAN D P, HONG T S, BARDEESY N. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma[J]. N Engl J Med, 2014,371(11): 1039-1049. doi:10.1056/nejmra1404198
106 BOGUNOVIC D, BOISSON-DUPUIS S, CASANOVA J L. ISG15: leading a double life as a secreted molecule[J]. Exp Mol Med, 2013,45(4): e18. doi:10.1038/emm.2013.36
107 D'CUNHA J, KNIGHT E J, HAAS A L, et al. Immunoregulatory properties of ISG15, an interferon-induced cytokine[J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 1996,93(1): 211-215. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.1.211
108 FLOTHO A, MELCHIOR F. Sumoylation: A regulatory protein modification in health and disease[J]. Annu Rev Biochem, 2013,82: 357-385. doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-061909-093311
109 HARDER Z, ZUNINO R, MCBRIDE H. Sumo1 conjugates mitochondrial substrates and participates in mitochondrial fission[J]. Curr Biol, 2004,14(4): 340-345. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.02.004
110 LONARDO E, FRIAS-ALDEGUER J, HERMANN P C, et al. Pancreatic stellate cells form a niche for cancer stem cells and promote their self-renewal and invasiveness[J]. Cell Cycle, 2012,11(7): 1282-1290. doi:10.4161/cc.19679
111 DENARDO D G, BRENNAN D J, REXHEPAJ E, et al. Leukocyte complexity predicts breast cancer survival and functionally regulates response to chemotherapy[J]. Cancer Discov, 2011,1(1): 54-67. doi:10.1158/2159-8274.cd-10-0028
112 POLLARD J W. Trophic macrophages in development and disease[J]. Nat Rev Immunol, 2009,9(4): 259-270. doi:10.1038/nri2528
113 LONARDO E, HERMANN P C, MUELLER M T, et al. Nodal/Activin signaling drives self-renewal and tumorigenicity of pancreatic cancer stem cells and provides a target for combined drug therapy[J]. Cell Stem Cell, 2011,9(5): 433-446. doi:10.1016/j.stem.2011.10.001
114 LIAO Q, OZAWA F, FRIESS H, et al. The anti-apoptotic protein BAG-3 is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and induced by heat stress in pancreatic cancer cell lines[J]. FEBS Lett, 2001,503(2-3): 151-157. doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02728-4
115 LI X Y, YAN J, SUN J, et al. BAG3 deletion suppresses stem cell-like features of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via translational suppression of ISG15[J]. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res, 2019,1866(5): 819-827. doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.02.008
116 OETTLE H, POST S, NEUHAUS P, et al. Adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine vs observation in patients undergoing curative-intent resection of pancreatic cancer: a randomized controlled trial[J]. JAMA, 2007,297(3): 267-277. doi:10.1001/jama.297.3.267
117 BURRIS H R, MOORE M J, ANDERSEN J, et al. Improvements in survival and clinical benefit with gemcitabine as first-line therapy for patients with advanced pancreas cancer: a randomized trial[J]. J Clin Oncol, 1997,15(6): 2403-2413. doi:10.1200/jco.1997.15.6.2403
118 GARCIA-DIAZ A, SHIN D S, MORENO B H, et al. Interferon Receptor Signaling Pathways Regulating PD-L1 and PD-L2 Expression[J]. Cell Rep, 2017,19(6): 1189-1201. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.031
119 LI Y, LI F, JIANG F, et al. A Mini-Review for Cancer Immunotherapy: Molecular Understanding of PD-1/PD-L1 Pathway & amp; Translational Blockade of Immune Checkpoints[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2016,17(7):1151. doi:10.3390/ijms17071151
120 LEE S, JANG B, LEE S, et al. Interferon regulatory factor‐1 is prerequisite to the constitutive expression and IFN‐γ‐induced upregulation of B7‐H1 (CD274)[J]. FEBS Letters, 2006,580(3): 755-762. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.12.093
121 CHU Z H, LIU L, ZHENG C X, et al. Proteomic analysis identifies translationally controlled tumor protein as a mediator of phosphatase of regenerating liver-3-promoted proliferation, migration and invasion in human colon cancer cells[J]. Chin Med J (Engl), 2011,124(22): 3778-3785.
122 SIMMEN F A, XIAO R, VELARDE M C, et al. Dysregulation of intestinal crypt cell proliferation and villus cell migration in mice lacking Kruppel-like factor 9[J]. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol, 2007,292(6): G1757-G1769. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00013.2007
123 MCCONNELL B B, BIALKOWSKA A B, NANDAN M O, et al. Haploinsufficiency of Kruppel-like factor 5 rescues the tumor-initiating effect of the Apc(Min) mutation in the intestine[J]. Cancer Res, 2009,69(10): 4125-4133. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4402
124 GHALEB A M, MCCONNELL B B, NANDAN M O, et al. Haploinsufficiency of Kruppel-like factor 4 promotes adenomatous polyposis coli dependent intestinal tumorigenesis[J]. Cancer Res, 2007,67(15): 7147-7154. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-1302
125 CHO Y G, CHOI B J, KIM C J, et al. Genetic alterations of the KLF6 gene in colorectal cancers[J]. APMIS, 2006,114(6): 458-464. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0463.2006.apm_431.x
126 PARK J S, KOH Y S, BANG J Y, et al. Antitumor effect of all-trans retinoic acid-encapsulated nanoparticles of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-conjugated chitosan against CT-26 colon carcinoma in vitro[J]. J Pharm Sci, 2008,97(9): 4011-4019. doi:10.1002/jps.21221
127 赵娟霞, 龚勇, 杨淑梅, 等. miR-181d靶向LCRG1调控喉癌细胞Hep2增殖与迁移的机制[J]. 临床与实验病理学杂志, 2018,34(9): 948-952.
128 BRITT C J, GOURIN C G. Contemporary management of advanced laryngeal cancer[J]. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol, 2017,2(5): 307-309. doi:10.1002/lio2.85
129 DESAI S D. ISG15: A double edged sword in cancer[J]. Oncoimmunology, 2015,4(12): e1052935. doi:10.1080/2162402x.2015.1052935
130 WOOD L M, SANKAR S, REED R E, et al. A novel role for ATM in regulating proteasome-mediated protein degradation through suppression of the ISG15 conjugation pathway[J]. PLoS One, 2011,6(1): e16422. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0016422
131 DESAI S D, HAAS A L, WOOD L M, et al. Elevated expression of ISG15 in tumor cells interferes with the ubiquitin/26S proteasome pathway[J]. Cancer Res, 2006,66(2): 921-928. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-1123
Outlines

/