Objective To analyze the risks and related influencing factors of early screening for lung cancer， and to study prognostic factors based on survival conditions， in order to ultimately provide baseline data for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 40 to 75 year old registered residence residents in 10 districts and 6 counties of Zhengzhou City in 2020 as screening objects. Through voluntary participation and filling in evaluation questionnaires， high-risk groups of lung cancer were evaluated， and then three screening tests （tumor markers， low-dose spiral CT and lung function） were performed on high-risk groups. Finally， we will adopt an active and passive follow-up approach to collect information on diagnosed lung cancer patients. Statistically describe the screening data and describe the epidemiological results of different characteristic populations； Using multivariate logistic regression method for statistical analysis， compare the differences in various results of different factors. Results 50 128 cases of early screening for lung cancer in Zhengzhou City were evaluated in 2020， with a completion rate of 100.26%. The average age of the survey was （59.86 ± 17.67） years old， and the gender ratio was 0.81∶1. The high-risk detection rate is 30.15%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that males （smoking） （OR = 5.43， 95% CI： 5.20 ~ 5.67）， individuals with a history of tobacco exposure （OR = 3.82， 95% CI： 3.67 ~ 3.98）， first-degree relatives who had previously suffered from lung cancer （OR = 12.06， 95% CI： 11.02 ~ 13.20）， and other populations were more susceptible to lung cancer （all P < 0.05）. Conclusion Male （smoking）， exposure to secondhand smoke， cancer in first-degree relatives， previous diagnosis of other tumors， symptoms of lung infection， “chest tightness， shortness of breath， and difficulty breathing in daily life”， and “significant psychological trauma in the past 3 years” are independent risk factors for lung cancer， which should be given special attention and effective intervention measures should be taken.