The Journal of Practical Medicine >

2024 , Vol. 40 >Issue 8: 1108 - 1113

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2024.08.015

Clinical Research

Maternal gestational diabetes， maternal weight gain during pregnancy， and feeding methods on neurodevelopmental delay in their offsprings

  • Yushi LIU ,
  • Qingmei LIN ,
  • Man HE ,
  • Yang SU ,
  • Yin YANG ,
  • Hualiang LIN ,
  • Zanyi CAI ,
  • Xiaoling. GUO
Expand
  • 1.The Second School of Clinical Medicine，Southern Medical University，Guangzhou 510000，China
    2.Foshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital，Foshan 528000，China

Received date: 2024-01-08

  Online published: 2024-04-19

Fold

Abstract

Objective To investigate the effect of gestational diabetes， maternal weight gain during pregnancy and feeding methods on early neurodevelopmental delays in offspring. Methods The study used a retrospective cohort study to analyze the general information of 8023 mothers and their offspring. Logistic and linear regression models were used to analyze the associations between gestational diabetes， maternal weight gain during pregnancy， feeding methods， and neurodevelopmental delays in their offspring. Results In this study， the average maternal age in the cohort was （29.46 ± 4.57） years， and the pre?pregnancy BMI was （21.38 ± 3.09）. Among the newborns， 4450（55.5%） were male， 4351（54.2%） were breastfed， and 735（9.2%） were low birth weight. After adjustment， artificial feeding was positively correlated with delayed neurobehavioral development ［OR = 1.70， （95% CI： 1.24 ~ 2.33）］. Moreover， gestational diabetes， inadequate gestational weight gain and artificial feeding negatively correlated with developmental quotient ［β = -0.44， 95% CI： -0.87 ~ -0.008； β = -0.73， 95% CI： -1.25 ~ -0.22； β = -0.80， 95% CI： -1.34 ~ -0.26］. Maternal gestational diabetes was significantly associated with delay in gross motor skills and social abilities in their offspring. Inadequate maternal weight gain during pregnancy was associated with delay in all five domains of neurodevelopment in their offspring. Moreover， artificial feeding was associated with all five domains of neurodevelopmental delays in the offspring. Conclusion Maternal inadequate weight gain during pregnancy and artificial feeding are risk factors for neurodevelopmental delay in offspring. Maternal gestational diabetes was associated with delayed gross motor and social skill in their offspring.

Key words： gestational diabetes; early neurodevelopment; feeding patterns; maternal weight gain during pregnancy

Cite this article

Yushi LIU , Qingmei LIN , Man HE , Yang SU , Yin YANG , Hualiang LIN , Zanyi CAI , Xiaoling. GUO . Maternal gestational diabetes， maternal weight gain during pregnancy， and feeding methods on neurodevelopmental delay in their offsprings[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2024 , 40(8) : 1108 -1113 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2024.08.015

References

1 JIANG L， TANG K， MAGEE L A， et al. A global view of hypertensive disorders and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy ［J］. Nat Rev Endocrinol， 2022， 18（12）： 760-775. doi:10.1038/s41574-022-00734-y
2 GAO C， SUN X， LU L， et al. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in mainland China： A systematic review and meta-analysis ［J］. J Diabetes Investig， 2019， 10（1）： 154-162. doi:10.1111/jdi.12854
3 DEBOER T， WEWERKA S， BAUER P J， et al. Explicit memory performance in infants of diabetic mothers at 1 year of age ［J］. Dev Med Child Neurol， 2005， 47（8）： 525-531. doi:10.1017/s0012162205001039
4 BOLA?OS L， MATUTE E， RAMíREZ-DUE?AS MDE L， et al. Neuropsychological Impairment in School-Aged Children Born to Mothers With Gestational Diabetes ［J］. J Child Neurol， 2015， 30（12）： 1616-1624. doi:10.1177/0883073815575574
5 DIONNE G， BOIVIN M， SéGUIN J R， et al. Gestational diabetes hinders language development in offspring ［J］. Pediatrics， 2008， 122（5）： e1073-e1079. doi:10.1542/peds.2007-3028
6 KRZECZKOWSKI J E， BOYLAN K， ARBUCKLE T E， et al. Neurodevelopment in 3-4 year old children exposed to maternal hyperglycemia or adiposity in utero ［J］. Early Hum Dev， 2018， 125： 8-16. doi:10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.08.005
7 DARAKI V， ROUMELIOTAKI T， KOUTRA K， et al. Effect of parental obesity and gestational diabetes on child neuropsychological and behavioral development at 4 years of age： the Rhea mother-child cohort， Crete， Greece ［J］. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry， 2017， 26（6）： 703-714. doi:10.1007/s00787-016-0934-2
8 BARKER D J， ERIKSSON J G， FORSéN T， et al. Fetal origins of adult disease： strength of effects and biological basis ［J］. Int J Epidemiol， 2002， 31（6）： 1235-1239. doi:10.1093/ije/31.6.1235
9 GIALELI G， PANAGOPOULOU O， LIOSIS G， et al. Potential Epigenetic Effects of Human Milk on Infants' Neurodevelopment ［J］. Nutrients， 2023， 15（16）：3614. doi:10.3390/nu15163614
10 中华人民共和国健康卫生委员会. 妊娠期妇女体重增长推荐值标准： ［S］.北京，2022.
11 卢国斌，欧萍，钱沁芳，等. 《0～6岁小儿神经心理发育量表》筛查法的应用研究［C］//中国心理卫生协会.第七届全国心理卫生学术大会论文汇编.福建省妇幼保健院儿童保健科；2014：1.
12 ORNOY A， REECE E A， PAVLINKOVA G， et al. Effect of maternal diabetes on the embryo， fetus， and children： congenital anomalies， genetic and epigenetic changes and developmental outcomes ［J］. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today， 2015， 105（1）： 53-72. doi:10.1002/bdrc.21090
13 ZOU K， REN J， LUO S， et al. Intrauterine hyperglycemia impairs memory across two generations ［J］. Transl Psychiatry， 2021， 11（1）： 434. doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01565-7
14 HOWE C G， COX B， FORE R， et al. Maternal Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Newborn DNA Methylation： Findings From the Pregnancy and Childhood Epigenetics Consortium ［J］. Diabetes Care， 2020， 43（1）： 98-105. doi:10.2337/dc19-0524
15 MOTOKI N， INABA Y， SHIBAZAKI T， et al. Insufficient maternal gestational weight gain and infant neurodevelopment at 12 months of age： the Japan Environment and Children's Study ［J］. Eur J Pediatr， 2022， 181（3）： 921-931. doi:10.1007/s00431-021-04232-7
16 DONG X， ZHOU A. Associations of maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain with risk of offspring neurodevelopment at 2 years： A Chinese birth cohort study ［J］. Front Pediatr， 2023， 11： 1165743. doi:10.3389/fped.2023.1165743
17 VOHR B R， POGGI DAVIS E， WANKE C A， et al. Neurodevelopment： The Impact of Nutrition and Inflammation During Preconception and Pregnancy in Low-Resource Settings ［J］. Pediatrics， 2017， 139（）： S38-S49. doi:10.1542/peds.2016-2828f
18 SCHWARZENBERG S J， GEORGIEFF M K. Advocacy for Improving Nutrition in the First 1000 Days to Support Childhood Development and Adult Health ［J］. Pediatrics， 2018， 141（2）. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-3716
19 HELAND S， FIELDS N， ELLERY S J， et al. The role of nutrients in human neurodevelopment and their potential to prevent neurodevelopmental adversity ［J］. Front Nutr， 2022， 9： 992120. doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.992120
20 GEORGIEFF M K， RAMEL S E， CUSICK S E. Nutritional influences on brain development ［J］. Acta Paediatr， 2018， 107（8）： 1310-1321. doi:10.1111/apa.14287
21 HOI A G， MCKERRACHER L. Breastfeeding and infant growth ［J］. Evol Med Public Health， 2015， 2015（1）： 150-151. doi:10.1093/emph/eov012
22 COHEN KADOSH K， MUHARDI L， PARIKH P， et al. Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Infants and Young Children-An Update and Novel Insights ［J］. Nutrients， 2021， 13（1）：199. doi:10.3390/nu13010199
23 MARTIN C R， LING P R， BLACKBURN G L. Review of Infant Feeding： Key Features of Breast Milk and Infant Formula ［J］. Nutrients， 2016， 8（5）：279. doi:10.3390/nu8050279
24 DEONI S， DEAN D 3 RD， JOELSON S，et al. Early nutrition influences developmental myelination and cognition in infants and young children ［J］. Neuroimage， 2018， 178： 649-659. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.12.056
25 BRAHM P， VALDéS V. The benefits of breastfeeding and associated risks of replacement with baby formulas ［J］. Rev Chil Pediatr， 2017， 88（1）： 7-14. doi:10.4067/s0370-41062017000100001
Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉