Objective To explore the effect of laparoscopic salpingectomy on ovarian reserve function and serum neuropeptide Y （NPY） and cortisol （Cor） in patients with ectopic pregnancy. Methods 82 patients with ectopic pregnancy who had visited Chaohu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from June 2018 to June 2021 were randomly divided into two groups， with 41 in each group. The control group underwent laparoscopic salpingostomy and suturing for embryo retrieval， while the study group underwent laparoscopic salpingectomy. Surgical duration， intraoperative blood loss， time to postsurgical mobilization， length of hospital stay， serum NPY and Cor levels， antral follicle count （AFC）， indexes for peak flow velocity and resistance of ovarian artery were compared between the two groups. Follow-up was conducted for two years after surgery， and the success rate of pregnancy and the ectopic pregnancy rate were recorded. Results The surgical duration in the study group was shorter than that in the control group （P < 0.05）. The differences in serum NPY and Cor values between the two groups immediately after surgery and at postoperative week one were not statistically significant （P > 0.05）. At postoperative months1 and 6， the peak flow velocity of the affected ovary was lower in the study group than in the control group， whereas the resistance index was higher （P < 0.05）. At postoperative month 6， both groups showed an increase in peak flow velocity and a decrease in resistance index （P < 0.05）. There were no statistically significant differences in AFC and the success rate of pregnancy between the two groups postoperatively （P > 0.05）. The ectopic pregnancy rate in the study group was lower than that in the control group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion As compared with laparoscopic salpingostomy， laparoscopic salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy can also preserve postoperative ovarian antral follicle count （AFC）， and it has greater advantage in reducing the risk of recurrent ectopic pregnancy after surgery.