Postoperative vision loss is an extremely rare postoperative complication，which seriously af⁃ fects the quality of life. Up to day，it is assumed in most reports at home and abroad to be related to ischemic optic neuropathy，but its pathogenesis and risk factors are still under exploration. This paper reviews its anatomical ba⁃ sis，pathogenesis，diagnosis，risk factors and prevention strategies at full scale so as to strength the awareness of clinical doctors and help them with preventive strategies for the purpose of preventing the complication.