Exosomes are small extracellular phospholipid bilayer vesicles with a diameter of 30～150 nm and rich in proteins，lipids，nucleic acids，and other bioactive substances. They are widely distributed in various body fludis，such as plasma，urine，cerebrospinal fluid，etc.，and secreted by almost all types of cells in the human body. More and more studies have shown proof that exosomes have important biological functions. They not only participate in regulation of a variety of physiological and pathological process，but also play an important role in the diagnosis， development and treatment of diseases. In recent years， exosomes derived from circulating plasma have become a hot topic in exosomes research because they are easier to obtain specimens and carry out real-time detection. In this paper， the related disease research and clinical applications of circulating plasma exosomes are reviewed in order to provide a reference for its further study.