Lung cancer remains one of the most deadly malignant tumors，with a high morbidity and mor⁃ tality rate. The interrelationship between human microbiota and lung cancer has become a hot spot for research with the development of next⁃generation sequencing technology. There is increasing evidence that microbiota are associ⁃ ated with the development of malignant tumors，including lung cancer，but their interaction mechanisms are still unknown. This paper reviews studies on microbiota and lung cancer in humans，including the oral cavity，intes⁃ tine，lung，with the goal of providing new ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer，as well as an outlook on the future research direction of human microbiota and lung cancer.