Vascular dementia（VaD）is the second most common forms of dementia，which has a serious impact on the daily life of patients and their families. Therefore，it is urgent to improve the cognitive function of patients with VaD. However，there is no specific treatment for the disease. Edaravone dexboeol，as a novel neuro⁃ protective agent，may play a role in the protection of neurons through a variety of mechanism. Its cerebral protec⁃ tive effect has been confirmed by clinical researches at home and abroad. This paper reviews the possible mecha⁃ nism of edaravone dexboeol on the treatment of VaD.