Specific learning disorder is a neurological disorder that affects a student′ s ability to read， write，spell，reason，and organize information taught in conventional ways. Specific learning disorder symptoms can last for a lifetime，and may have adverse effects on children and adults in education，employment，economy， society and emotion. Specific learning disorder have always been the research focus of medicine，psychology and pedagogy. For decades，specific learning disorder have been the focus of research in medicine，psychology and education，but their understanding is still limited，especially their etiology and pathogenesis are extremely complex. At present，there is no diagnosis and treatment standard or consensus for specific learning disorder in China. This article reviews the epidemiology，social impact，pathogenesis，clinical manifestations and diagnosis of specific learning disorder.