Respiratory infectious diseases are a major cause of health problems in the elderly and children，causing a huge burden of disease. Vaccines have played an important role in the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases and have greatly protected the health of the population，especially the elderly and children，such as the pneumococcal vaccine，Haemophilus influenzae vaccine，tuberculosis vaccine and influenza vaccine.Although many respiratory infectious diseases are vaccine ⁃preventable and the protective effect of vaccination has been confirmed by various studies，the current vaccination coverage of the target population is generally low and the health protection value of vaccines is underutilised. This paper provides a brief review of the current status and progress of research on the use of vaccines related to the main respiratory infectious diseases.