Objective To analyze the relationship of microRNA⁃206 gene polymorphisms and Alzheimer′s disease（AD）. Methods The SNP rs16882131 in the microRNA⁃206 was genotyped in 100 AD patients and 100 healthy controls using the SNaPshot technique. Quantitative real⁃time PCR was employed to evaluate the levels of microRNA ⁃206 expression in the peripheral blood of the two groups，and the association of the SNP rs16882131 with microRNA ⁃206 expression was further analyzed. Results There were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of the SNP rs16882131 between the AD patients and controls（genotype CC vs. CT vs. TT： P = 0.027，TT + CT vs. CC：P = 0.034，OR = 1.831；allele T vs. C：P = 0.005，OR = 1.860）. The microRNA⁃ 206 expression in the peripheral blood of the AD patients was significantly higher than that in the healthy controls （P < 0.05）. Additionally，the microRNA ⁃206 expression in the healthy controls who were TT + CT genotypes of the SNP rs16882131 was significantly higher compared with the CC genotypes（P < 0.05）. Conclusion The SNP rs16882131 in the microRNA⁃206 is associated with the susceptibility to the AD，and the T allele may contribute to risk roles in the AD.