Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of posterior pedicle screw fixation with long segment，short segment transinjured vertebrae and short segment transinjured vertebrae for type A thoracolumbar fractures. Methods Seventy⁃three patients with type A thoracolumbar fractures from July 2011 to July 2021 were selected and treated by long⁃level fixation（Group A，n = 28），short⁃level through fractured verte⁃ brae fixation（Group B，n = 24），and short⁃level across fractured vertebrae fixation（Group C，n = 21）respectively. Evaluation indexes included operation time，intraoperative blood loss，VAS scores，ODI，Cobb angles，anterior height ratios of fractured vertebrae，and Pearce classification. Results The average follow ⁃ up duration was 18.9 months. Back pain，functional performance，Cobb angles，and anterior height ratios of fractured vertebrae were efficiently improved after surgery（P < 0.05）. But there was no significant differencein VAS scores，ODI，and Pearce classification among the three groups（P > 0.05）. There were significant differences in terms of operation time and intraoperative blood loss between group A and group B and C（P < 0.05）. In addition，although Cobb angles and an⁃ terior height ratios of fractured vertebrae were significant corrected at one⁃year post⁃operative，the loss of correction in group C was significant larger when compared with that in group A and B（P < 0.05）. Conclusions Compared with long⁃level fixation，short⁃level fixation has an advantage of less operation⁃related trauma. Moreover，short⁃level through fractured vertebrae fixation also leads to as good long⁃term correction of deformity as long⁃level fixation.