Postoperative cognitive dysfunction（POCD）is a complication after surgery，with main manifes⁃ tations of mental disorder，anxiety，personality changes and memory impairment. But the exact pathogenesis of POCD is not clear. At present，it is considered that central neuro⁃inflammation，oxidative stress and apoptosis are the main causes of POCD. Noncoding RNA（ncRNA）is a kind of gene transcripts that does not have protein coding function but regulate gene transcription and translation，mainly including microRNA，long noncoding RNA and circular RNA. In recent years，studies have found that noncoding RNA is widely involved in the pathogenesis of POCD. In this review，we have summarized the research progress of noncoding RNA in the pathogenesis of postop⁃ erative cognitive dysfunction，in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of POCD.