Objective To construct a mediation model to clarify the mechanism of the effect of social support on resilience in patients after surgery for acute type A aortic dissection patients，and to explore the mediating effect of self⁃efficacy between social support and resilience. Methods We selected 125 type A aortic dissection patients in a tertiary grade⁃A hospital in Guangdong province and they were investigated by using the general information questionnaire，the Social Support Rating Scale，General Self Efficacy Scale，and Connor ⁃Davidson Resilience Scale. Results The score of resilience and social support of patients was（63.78 ± 12.29），and（43.77 ± 6.82）respectively. The total score of self⁃efficacy was（27.22 ± 5.16）. There was a significantly positively corre⁃ lation among social support，resilience，and self⁃efficacy（r = 0.571，0.717，P < 0.01）. Social support positively associated with the resilience（r = 0.611，P < 0.01）. Self ⁃ efficacy has some mediating effect between social support and resilience，which accounts for 37.43% of the total effect. Conclusion Social support exerts influence on the resilience of Type A aortic dissection patients through self⁃efficacy. Effective measures to improve patients′ self⁃efficacy should be considered，thus to enhance their level of resilience.