Short chain fatty acids(SCFAs),metabolites of gut microbiota ,haveabundant biological effects,participate in the immune regulation of the body and promote the differentiation and maturation of immune cells. Maintain the balance of gut microbiota,inhibit the growth and reproduction of harmful bacteria,and promote the growth of beneficial bacteria；Promote intestinal digestion and absorption,accelerate gastrointestinal peristal⁃sis；Regulation of body glycolipid metabolism.Via summarizingthemetabolic process and biological functions of SCFAs，this paper exploresits influence on body health，providing theoretical basis for SCFAs research。