Objective To study the relationship between 12026 A→G mutation of mitochondrial ND4 gene and hemodynamics of central retinal artery（CRA）in diabetic retinopathy（DR）patients. Methods Mito⁃ chondrial ND4 gene mutations were screened in 198 Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）in Yan⁃ bian Autonomous Prefecture by polymerase chain reactor⁃restriction fragment length polymorphism（PCR⁃RFLP）. Then they were divided into mutation（n = 67）and non ⁃ mutation（n = 131）groups. Color Doppler ultrasound （CDUS）was used to measure the hemodynamic parameters of CRA. Results Compared to the non ⁃ mutation group，the pulsatile index（PI）and resistance index（RI）of CRA in the mutation group were both significantly increased，and the highest flow rate（Vmax），lowest flow rate（Vmin），mean flow rate（Vmean）and blood flow velocity integral（VTI）were all significantly decreased. Conclusion 12026 A→G mutation of mitochondrial ND4 gene is correlated with hemodynamic changes of CRA in DR patients.