实用医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (18): 3348-3355.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.18.013

• 论著·机制与实践 • 上一篇    

基于顶体区面积比例的“小顶体区精子”表型精液参数与DNA碎片指数相关性分析

庞韬, 唐雨倩, 韩璐, 朱胜辉, 李月华, 赵文忠()   

  1. 国家卫生健康委员会男性生殖与遗传重点实验室、广东省生殖科学研究所(广东省生殖医院) (广东 广州 510600 )
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-02 修回日期:2026-07-14 接受日期:2026-07-23 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-10-19
  • 通讯作者: 赵文忠
  • 基金资助:
    广东省医学科学技术研究基金项目(B2024139)

Analysis of semen parameters and sperm DNA damage in microacrosome area asthenospermia

Tao Pang, Yuqian Tang, Lu Han, Shenghui Zhu, Yuehua Li, Wenzhong Zhao()   

  1. NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics,Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute(Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital)
  • Received:2026-03-02 Revised:2026-07-14 Accepted:2026-07-23 Online:2026-09-25 Published:2026-10-19
  • Contact: Wenzhong Zhao
  • About author:

    Pang Tao performed the experiments and wrote the article. Tang Yuqian, Zhu Shenghui and Li Yuehua performed the experiments. Han Lu revised the article. Zhao Wenzhong designed the study and reviewed the article. All authors read and approved the final manuscript as submitted.

摘要:

目的 以顶体区面积比例指标界定“小顶体区精子表型”,比较其精液常规参数与功能相关指标差异,并分析其与精子DNA碎片指数(sperm DNA fragmentation index, DFI)等指标的相关性。 方法 (1)纳入2023年6月至2025年6月男科门诊精液样本。以小顶体区精子占评估精子总数的百分率(R)30%为界限,精子形态学分析75例小顶体区精子样本(R> 30%)及75例正常样本(R≤ 30%)。(2)同时检测150例样本精液质量指标、精子存活率以及精子与宫颈黏液的穿透性。SPAT评分、DFI等功能试验,并行普通透射电镜超微结构观察,进行相关性分析。(3)按预设阈值将样本分为小顶体区表型组与对照组。采用t检验或Mann⁃Whitney U检验进行组间比较;Pearson分析R与各指标相关性。 结果 与对照组相比,小顶体区表型组PR、存活率与SPAT评分显著降低,DFI显著升高;精子浓度差异无统计学意义。R与PR、正常形态率、存活率及SPAT评分呈显著负相关,与DFI呈显著正相关。 结论 小顶体区表型比例与精子运动、膜完整性、穿透能力及DNA完整性显著相关,提示其可作为常规形态学报告的补充定量指标,用于男性生育力评估与风险分层。

关键词: 小顶体区, 男性不育, 精子DNA碎片指数, 精子形态学

Abstract:

Objective To define the "small acrosomal area sperm phenotype" using the acrosomal area ratio as an indicator, to compare differences in routine semen parameters and sperm functional indices, and to analyze the correlations between this phenotype and the sperm DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and other relevant parameters. Methods (1)Semen samples were collected from the male outpatient clinic between June 2023 and June 2025. Using a 30% cut-off for the percentage of small acrosomal area sperm out of the total sperm evaluated(R)sperm morphology analysis was performed on 75 samples in the small acrosomal area group (R > 30%) and 75 normal samples (R ≤ 30%). (2)Semen quality parameters, sperm survival rate, and sperm penetration capacity through cervical mucus were assessed simultaneously in all 150 samples. SPAT scores, DFI, and other functional tests were performed, and conventional transmission electron microscopy was used for ultrastructural observation, followed by correlation analysis. (3)Samples were divided into the small acrosomal area phenotype group and the control group according to the predefined threshold. Between-group comparisons were conducted using Student's t-test or the Mann⁃Whitney U test, as appropriate; Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between R and each parameter. Results Compared with the control group, the small acrosomal area phenotype group exhibited significantly lower progressive motility (PR), viability, and SPAT scores, while DFI was significantly elevated. No statistically significant difference was observed in sperm concentration between the two groups. R was significantly negatively correlated with PR, normal morphology rate, viability, and SPAT score, and significantly positively correlated with DFI. Conclusion The proportion of the small acrosomal area phenotype is significantly correlated with sperm motility, membrane integrity, penetration capacity, and DNA integrity, suggesting that it may serve as a supplementary quantitative indicator to conventional morphological reporting for male fertility evaluation and risk stratification.

Key words: acrosomal region, male infertility, sperm DNA fragmentation index, sperm morphology

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