关键词: 动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病, 危险因素, 疾病预防

Abstract:

The China Cardiovascular Health and Disease Report 2024 has recently been released， offering a comprehensive and detailed assessment of the current status of cardiovascular diseases （CVD） and their associated risk factors in China. The report reveals that the number of CVD cases， as well as the overall and age-standardized incidence rates， continue to increase. Among these conditions， atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease （ASCVD） constitutes a major contributor to CVD-related mortality. Although ASCVD is largely preventable and controllable， the management of key modifiable risk factors?such as smoking， obesity， hypertension， dyslipidemia， and diabetes?remains suboptimal. This article systematically summarizes the prevalence， current management practices， and evidence-based prevention strategies for each major ASCVD risk factor， aiming to reinforce for clinicians the importance of not only treating established ASCVD but also proactively guiding patients in the prevention and control of its underlying risk factors， thereby reducing the overall burden of ASCVD in terms of both prevalence and mortality.

Key words: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, risk factor, disease prevention