实用医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (7): 1294-1300.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.07.024
• 综述 • 上一篇
蒋艳1,2,王国徽1,宋沧桑1,2,张函舒1,李兴德1,2(
)
收稿日期:2025-07-21
修回日期:2025-09-16
接受日期:2025-09-17
出版日期:2026-04-10
发布日期:2026-04-13
通讯作者:
李兴德
E-mail:smart1103@163.com
基金资助:
Yan JIANG1,2,Guohui WANG1,Cangsang SONG1,2,Hanshu ZHANG1,Xingde LI1,2(
)
Received:2025-07-21
Revised:2025-09-16
Accepted:2025-09-17
Online:2026-04-10
Published:2026-04-13
Contact:
Xingde LI
E-mail:smart1103@163.com
摘要:
他克莫司(TAC)是肝移植(LT)术后的核心免疫抑制药物,但其治疗窗狭窄,且药代动力学存在显著的个体间及个体内变异,导致血药浓度易偏离目标范围,精准给药难度大。近年来,随着治疗药物监测(TDM)的广泛应用,基于TAC血药浓度的个体化治疗策略研究取得了重要进展。本文系统综述成人肝移植受者TAC个体化给药的最新研究,重点探讨了药物基因组学、群体药代动力学(PPK)和机器学习(ML)等方法在临床中的应用价值与发展现状,并对比分析不同建模策略的优势与局限。研究表明,基于模型的精准给药(MIPD)工具不仅可显著提升血药浓度预测准确性,还能生成个体化给药方案,有助于优化肝移植患者的治疗效果与改善长期预后。
中图分类号:
蒋艳,王国徽,宋沧桑,张函舒,李兴德. 成人肝移植术后他克莫司个体化治疗的研究进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2026, 42(7): 1294-1300.
Yan JIANG,Guohui WANG,Cangsang SONG,Hanshu ZHANG,Xingde LI. Research advances in personalized tacrolimus therapy for adult liver transplant recipients[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2026, 42(7): 1294-1300.
表1
成人肝移植受者他克莫司个体化给药的药物基因组学研究"
| 研究者 | 国家 | 基因 | 人群 | 病例数/例 | 个体化给药模型 | 年份 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LINDARTE等[ | 哥伦比亚 | CYP3A5 | 成人肝移植受者 | 16 | CYP3A5表达型患者较非表达型患者C0及C0/D比值更低、所需剂量更高;CYP3A5*1/*1为1.04,CYP3A5*3/*3为1.46 | 2025 |
| SHI等 | 中国 | CYP3A5rs776746 SLCO1B1rs4149015 CHST10 rs3748930 | 建模队列 | 150 | 模型在建模队列与验证队列中的ROC和AUC分别为0.88和0.79;他克莫司血药浓度维持在4 ~ 10 ng/mL可显著降低新发糖尿病风险(P = 0.043) | 2023 |
| 独立验证队列 | 97 | |||||
| 前瞻性预临床试验人群 | 40 | |||||
| BUENDíA等[ | 日本 | CYP3A5*1 | 儿童肝移植受者 | 77 | 受者中CYP3A5*1 表达率为37.1%,供者中为32.2% | 2020 |
| NALDI[ | 巴西 | CYP3A5 POR*28 | 肝移植受者 | 97 | 携带POR基因T等位基因(表达型)的患者酶活性更高、他克莫司血药浓度更低、免疫抑制剂用量更高,更易发生感染 | 2025 |
| DONG等[ | 中国 | CYP3A7 CYP3A4 CYP3A5 | 肝移植受者 | 138 | 携带CYP3A7、CYP3A4、CYP3A4*1G、CYP3A5*3基因型者,他克莫司C0/D比值较非携带者升高近2倍 | 2022 |
| SHAO等[ | 中国 | CYP3A5*1 | 肝移植受者 | 43 | 供者与受者CYP3A5*1基因型与他克莫司清除率显著相关;供受双方均为表达型者CL/F升高1.70倍 | 2020 |
| KIM等[ | 中国 | CYP3A5 | 肝移植受者 | 60 | 肝移植受者CYP3A5基因分型可预测他克莫司由每天2次方案转换为每天1次剂型后的药代动力学特征 | 2022 |
表2
成人肝移植受者TAC个体化给药中的群体药动学研究"
| 研究者 | 国家 | 病例数/n | 结构模型 | 药代参数 | 参数与公式 | BSV(%)/ BOV(%) | 年份 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LU等[ | 中国 | 112(86/26) | 2CMT | CL/F | 32.8 × 0.562 ×[EXP(ALT/40)×(-0.0237)] | 46.6 | 2015 |
| Vc/F | 22.7 | 47.3 | |||||
| Ka | 0.419 | - | |||||
| ZHU等[ | 中国 | 95(73/22) | 1CMT | CL/F | 17.6 ×(POD/40.36)0.205 ×(BUN/11.86)-0.116 ×(ALP/149.77)0.165 ×(TBIL/100.22)-0.142 ×(HCT/99.09)-0.789 ×(1.661,ifCYP3A5*1受者) | 53.9 | 2015 |
| Vd/F | 225 × POD0.852 ×(HB/99.09)-0.813 | 68 | |||||
| Ka | 4.48 | - | |||||
| CHEN等[ | 中国 | 153(125/28) | 2CMT | CL/F | 21.9 × EXP(0.0102 × POD)× EXP(0.258 × CCR/113)× EXP(-0.148)(ifABCB13435CT受者)or EXP(-0.296)(ifABCB13435TT受者) | 36.3 | 2017 |
| Vc/F | 284 × EXP(-0.125)(ifABCB13435CT受者) or EXP(-0.25)(if ABCB1 3435TT受者) | 89.4 | |||||
| Ka | 0.55 | - | |||||
| JI等[ | 韩国 | 58 (46/12) | 1CMT | CL/F | 6.33 × POD0.257 × 2.314(ifCYP3A5*1受者CYP3A5*1供者)× 1.523(ifCYP3A5*l受者grafted from CYP3A5*3/*3 donor) | 34.2 | 2018 |
| Vd/F | 465 × POD0.322 | 45.5 | |||||
| Ka | 4.48(fixed) | - | |||||
| DU等[ | 中国 | 116(87/29) | 1CMT | CL/F | (15.4 × (DDS/3)0.377 + 0.0452 ×(eGFR-104.8)-3.88 × FLZ)e-0.0034x(DBIL-8) ×(1-0.463×VCZ)× e-0.171 ×(wzc-1)e-0.0034×(HGB-108)e-0.0004×(ALT-22.4) ×(POD/37)0.0544 | 27 | 2022 |
| V/F | 1210 × e-0006×(TBIL-9.8) ×(1-0.602×VCZ)× e-0.0317×(UREA-7.6) × e-0.0008 ×(ALT-22.4) | 23.6 | |||||
| HOU等[ | 57(41/16) | 1CMT | CL∕F | 12.13 × POD0.13 ×(GGT/183)0.04(L.h-1) | - | 2025 | |
| V∕F | 613.03(L) | - | |||||
| Ka | 4.48 | - | |||||
| LI等[ | 中国 | 145/36 | 1CMT | CL/F | 19.2 ×(DD/2.5)0.516 × e(POD/10) × 0.124 ×(1-0.71×VRCZ)×(AST/44)-1.66 × e(HCT/31.4)×-0.585 | 32.1 | 2023 |
| V/F | 885 × e(POD/10)× 0.633 × e(HCT/31.4)× -0.999 | 67.6 | |||||
| Ka | 4.48 | - | |||||
| KOMEN-KUL[ | 泰国 | 50(34/16) | 1CMT | CL/F | 26.2 ×(Hb/11)0.802 ×(TBIL/1.7)-0.096 | 40.10 | 2024 |
| V/F | 890L | 80.30 | |||||
| Ka | 4.48 | - |
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