实用医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (18): 3330-3338.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.18.011

• 临床新进展 • 上一篇    

18F-FDG PET/CT在侵袭性真菌感染诊疗中的应用进展:从临床证据到决策转化

苏帅, 肖毅()   

  1. 华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院血液科 (湖北 武汉 430030 )
  • 收稿日期:2026-07-03 修回日期:2026-08-11 接受日期:2026-08-18 出版日期:2026-09-25 发布日期:2026-10-19
  • 通讯作者: 肖毅
  • 作者简介:

    肖毅,华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院血液科副主任,医学博士,主任医师,博士研究生导师,博士后流动站导师;德国汉堡大学骨髓移植中心访问学者;中国老年血液学会常务委员、中国造血干细胞移植及细胞治疗专业委员会常务委员、中国医药教育协会白血病专业委员会常务委员、中国老年学和老年医学学会老年病学分会全国常务委员及湖北专家委员会主任委员;湖北省医学生物免疫学会血液免疫专委会细胞因子调控分会主任委员;湖北省抗癌协会移植及细胞治疗学组副组长。长期从事血液系统疾病、造血干细胞移植及细胞免疫治疗的临床与转化研究。主持及作为主要参与者承担国家自然科学基金项目7项,其中主持国家自然科学基金面上项目3项,并主持湖北省自然科学基金重点项目、湖北省重点研发计划、湖北省卫生健康科技医学研究成果转化项目等多项科研课题。获湖北省科技进步奖2项、武汉市科技进步一等奖1项、中国发明协会发明创业奖成果二等奖、中国科技产业化促进会科学技术奖科技创新奖一等奖、中国商业联合会科学技术奖技术发明奖一等奖等;2026年获中国发明协会发明创业奖人物奖、第十一届“人民好医生”、中国科技产业化促进会科学技术奖个人贡献奖及中国产学研合作科技创新奖创新人物奖。担任《Blood》中文版青年编委会编委、第三版住培教材《血液内科学》编委、国家自然科学基金评审专家。

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82070213); 国家自然科学基金项目(82370196)

Advances in 18F-FDG PET/CT for the diagnosis and management of invasive fungal infections: From clinical evidence to decision-making

Shuai Su, Yi Xiao()   

  1. Department of Hematology,Tongji Hospital,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan 430030,Hubei,China
  • Received:2026-07-03 Revised:2026-08-11 Accepted:2026-08-18 Online:2026-09-25 Published:2026-10-19
  • Contact: Yi Xiao
  • About author:

    Su Shuai contributed to literature review, manuscript drafting, and revision. Xiao Yi contributed to study conception and design, academic supervision, and manuscript review. All authors read and approved the final manuscript as submitted.

摘要:

侵袭性真菌感染(invasive fungal infection, IFI)是血液系统恶性肿瘤、造血干细胞移植、实体器官移植及长期免疫抑制患者的重要感染性并发症。传统诊断主要依赖宿主危险因素、胸部高分辨率计算机断层成像(computed tomography, CT)、培养、组织病理学、血清学标志物及分子检测等手段,但在粒细胞缺乏、预防性抗真菌治疗及多部位播散等背景下,病原学证据常存在获取滞后、结果阴性或病灶定位困难等问题。18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖(18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, 18F-FDG)正电子发射断层显像/计算机断层成像(positron emission tomography/computed tomography, PET/CT)可通过全身代谢成像反映炎症反应活性,在隐匿病灶检出、感染播散范围评估、活检靶点选择、疗效监测及移植前风险评估等方面具有重要补充价值。结合近年来临床队列研究、指南共识及新型真菌特异性探针进展,综述PET/CT在IFI诊疗路径中的应用价值、实施要点及局限性。需要强调的是,PET/CT并不能替代病原学诊断,而是在关键诊疗节点提供可转化为临床决策的功能影像证据,从而为IFI的早期识别、精准评估和及时干预提供参考。

关键词: 正电子发射断层显像/计算机断层成像, 18F-氟脱氧葡萄糖, 侵袭性真菌感染, 曲霉病, 念珠菌病, 毛霉菌病, 血液病

Abstract:

Invasive fungal infection (IFI) is an important infectious complication in patients with hematologic malignancies, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, solid organ transplantation, and long-term immunosuppression. Conventional diagnosis mainly relies on host risk factors, chest high-resolution computed tomography (CT), culture, histopathology, serological biomarkers, and molecular testing. However, in the context of neutropenia, prophylactic antifungal therapy, or disseminated multi-site involvement, microbiological evidence is often delayed, negative, or difficult to localize.18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can reflect the activity of inflammatory responses through whole-body metabolic imaging. It provides important complementary information for detecting occult lesions, assessing the extent of dissemination, selecting biopsy targets, monitoring treatment response, and evaluating pre-transplantation risk.This review summarizes the clinical value, implementation considerations, and limitations of PET/CT in the diagnostic and therapeutic pathway of IFI, based on recent clinical cohort studies, guidelines, consensus statements, and advances in novel fungal-specific probes. It should be emphasized that PET/CT is not intended to replace microbiological evidence. Rather, it provides functional imaging evidence that can be translated into clinical decision-making at key diagnostic and therapeutic time points, thereby offering a reference for early identification, accurate assessment, and timely intervention in IFI.

Key words: positron emission tomography/computed tomography, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, invasive fungal infection, aspergillosis, candidiasis, mucormycosis, hematology

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