实用医学杂志 ›› 2026, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (11): 1949-1958.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.11.008

• 慢性病防治专栏 • 上一篇    

功能化外泌体在骨科疾病治疗中的研究进展

马乐乐1,2,王岩1,崔洪伟1,2,张慧1,2,陈毓婧1,董本超1,杨培川1,马剑雄1()   

  1. 1.天津市天津医院骨科研究所 (天津 300050 )
    2.天津医科大学骨科临床学院 (天津 300070 )
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-13 出版日期:2026-06-10 发布日期:2026-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 马剑雄 E-mail:yjslwtg@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(82405109);天津市教委科研计划项目(2024ZXZD001);天津市科技计划项目(25JCZDJC01350);天津市科技重大专项与工程公共卫生项目重点项目(25ZXWZSY00010)

Research advances in functionalized exosomes for orthopedic disease treatment

Yuele MA1,2,Yan WANG1,Hongwei CUI1,2,Hui ZHANG1,2,Yujing CHEN1,Benchao DONG1,Peichuan YANG1,Jianxiong MA1()   

  1. 1.Tianjin Hospital Orthopedic Research Institute,Tianjin 300050,Tianjin,China
    2.Tianjin Medical University Orthopaedic Clinical College,Tianjin 300070,Tianjin,China
  • Received:2026-01-13 Online:2026-06-10 Published:2026-06-15
  • Contact: Jianxiong MA E-mail:yjslwtg@126.com

摘要:

随着社会发展和医学进步,骨科疾病的治疗手段趋于精准化发展,外泌体作为天然纳米囊泡,具有良好的生物相容性与靶向能力。经过基因工程、药物负载及表面修饰等功能化改造,外泌体可以精准促进骨再生、调节骨代谢并重塑免疫微环境,在骨折、骨关节炎、骨质疏松等骨科疾病中展现出巨大潜力,但在标准化制备、疗效评价、安全评估及临床转化方面仍存挑战。文章围绕功能化外泌体在骨科疾病治疗中的最新进展,系统梳理外泌体来源、制备工艺、功能化策略与作用机制,综述其在骨科疾病治疗中的应用进展,探讨当前面临的技术挑战与未来发展方向,对实现功能化外泌体由实验室研究向骨科临床转化具有重要意义。

关键词: 骨折, 骨关节炎, 骨质疏松, 外泌体, miRNA

Abstract:

With the continuous development of society and the progress of medical science, the treatments for orthopedic diseases are gradually evolving towards precision medicine. As natural nanovesicles, exosomes possess outstanding biocompatibility and targeting abilities. Through functional modifications including genetic engineering, drug loading, and surface modification, exosomes can precisely facilitate bone regeneration, regulate bone metabolism, and reshape the immune micro-environment. They show remarkable potential in the treatment of orthopedic disorders such as fractures, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis. Nevertheless, there are still challenges in standardized preparation, efficacy evaluation, safety assessment, and clinical translation. This article systematically reviews the most recent advances in functionalized exosomes for the treatment of orthopedic diseases, encompassing their sources, preparation methods, functionalization strategies, and mechanisms of action. It summarizes the application progress of functionalized exosomes in orthopedic therapy, discusses the current technical challenges and future development directions, and is of great significance for the translation of functionalized exosomes from laboratory research to clinical application in orthopedics.

Key words: fracture, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, exosomes, miRNA

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