肌球蛋白重链9在肠上皮细胞中的功能调控机制与相关疾病研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.04.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肌球蛋白重链9（myosin heavy chain 9，MYH9）是肠上皮细胞骨架的核心调节蛋白，它通过协调细胞骨架动态组装与细胞间连接，在维持肠屏障完整性和调控肠道干细胞稳态中发挥关键作用，其功能呈现明显的剂量依赖性特征。在病理状态下，MYH9表现出复杂的“双刃剑”特性。在炎症性肠病中，MYH9完全缺失可破坏屏障完整性加剧肠道炎症，但其适度抑制其蛋白水平却通过激活修复性信号通路促进上皮再生。在结直肠癌中，MYH9通过整合MAPK/AKT信号通路，并与自噬蛋白ATG9B协同加速黏着斑组装，从而驱动肿瘤增殖与转移。此外，在肠化生等癌前病变中，MYH9还参与β-catenin信号通路的激活，推动恶性进展。该文系统综述了MYH9在肠道生理及炎症性肠病、结直肠癌等疾病中的多重角色与调控网络，并展望其未来研究方向。深入解析该分子在不同疾病语境下的特异性功能，对于开发以其为靶点的治疗策略及探索其作为液体活检生物标志物的潜力具有重要转化价值。

关键词: 肌球蛋白重链9, 细胞骨架, 肠上皮细胞, 炎症性肠病, 结直肠癌

Abstract:

Myosin heavy chain 9（MYH9） serves as a fundamental regulator of the intestinal epithelial cytoskeletal architecture. Through its coordinated control of cytoskeletal dynamics and intercellular junction organization this molecular motor protein actively maintains epithelial barrier integrity while fine-tuning intestinal stem cell homeostasis?functions that demonstrate distinct dose-responsive characteristics. Under pathological stimuli，MYH9 manifests a context-dependent "double-edged sword" behavior. In inflammatory bowel disease， while complete MYH9 ablation compromises barrier function and amplifies inflammatory responses， its partial inhibition paradoxically enhances epithelial repair through activation of regenerative signaling cascades. During colorectal carcinogenesis， MYH9 fuels tumor progression by orchestrating MAPK/AKT signaling networks and synergizing with autophagy-related protein ATG9B to facilitate focal adhesion maturation. Furthermore， in pre-malignant conditions like intestinal metaplasia， MYH9 contributes to β-catenin pathway activation， thereby accelerating malignant transformation. This comprehensive review delineates the multifaceted regulatory networks governed by MYH9 in intestinal physiology and pathology， while proposing future investigative directions. Deciphering the context-specific functionality of MYH9 will not only advance targeted therapeutic development but also illuminate its promising utility as a liquid biopsy biomarker for gastrointestinal disorders.

Key words: myosin heavy chain 9, cytoskeleton, intestinal epithelial cells, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer

中图分类号:

R574

夏瑜,董明,吴金奎,李孟彬. 肌球蛋白重链9在肠上皮细胞中的功能调控机制与相关疾病研究进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2026, 42(4): 706-713.

Yu XIA,Min DONG,Jinkui WU,Mengbin LI. Research progress on the regulatory mechanism of MYH9 in intestinal epithelial cells and related diseases[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2026, 42(4): 706-713.

图/表 3

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