人脐带间充质干细胞在皮肤创面修复中的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.21.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

间充质干细胞（mesenchymal stem cells， MSCs）是一种具有自我更新能力和分化为多种细胞谱系潜能的多能干细胞。因其具有容易获取、体外扩增和多能性特征，被公认为再生医学领域重要的干细胞来源。MSCs能从许多组织中分离获取，如骨髓、脂肪组织、脐带等。研究表明，脐带间充质干细胞（human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells， hUCMSCs）在帮助伤口愈合与再生中起有效作用，可被用于对皮肤创面的修复，且被认为是皮肤组织工程修复最有发展潜力的种子细胞。本文就hUCMSCs生物学特性、促进皮肤创面愈合机制及其在临床中的应用作一综述。

关键词: 脐带间充质干细胞, 皮肤, 创面修复

Abstract:

Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） are multipotent stromal cells that possess the capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into multiple cell lineages. Due to the ease of procurement， robust expansion in vitro， the multipotency， they are recognized as a vital source of stem cells in the field of regenerative medicine. MSCs can be isolated from various tissues， including bone marrow， adipose tissue， and umbilical cord. Research indicates that Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells （hUCMSCs） play an effective role in wound healing and tissue regeneration， and can be utilized for the repair of skin wounds. They are also considered to be the most promising seed cells for skin tissue engineering. This review aims to provide an overview of the biological characteristics of hUCMSCs， the mechanisms in promoting skin wound healing， and their clinical applications.

Key words: human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, skin, wound repair

中图分类号:

R751

刘昕雨,孔萌萌,付乙,赖家林,李峻,孙江华. 人脐带间充质干细胞在皮肤创面修复中的研究进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025, 41(21): 3462-3466.

Xinyu LIU,Mengmeng KONG,Yi FU,Jialin LAI,Jun LI,Jianghua. SUN. The role of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in skin wound repair： A literature review[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2025, 41(21): 3462-3466.

参考文献 40

[1]	HOSOYA S， YOKOMIZO R， KISHIGAMI H， et al. Novel therapeutic strategies for injured endometrium： Intrauterine transplantation of menstrual blood-derived cells from infertile patients［J］. Stem Cell Res Ther， 2023， 14（1）： 297. doi:10.1186/s13287-023-03524-z doi: 10.1186/s13287-023-03524-z
[2]	余丽娜，阎升光，谢丹，等. 脐带间充质干细胞改善自身免疫性肝炎免疫微环境的机制［J］. 实用医学杂志，2023，39（12）：1466-1472.
[3]	MCELREAVEY K D， IRVINE A I， ENNIS K T， et al. Isolation， culture and characterisation of fibroblast-like cells derived from the Wharton's jelly portion of human umbilical cord［J］. Biochem Soc Trans， 1991， 19（1）：29S. doi:10.1042/bst019029s doi: 10.1042/bst019029s
[4]	WANG H， BA T， WANG Q， et al. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells attenuate severe burn-induced multiple organ injury via potentiating IGF-1 and BCL-2/BAX pathway［J］. Stem Cells Int， 2022. DOI：10.1155/2022/5474289 . doi: 10.1155/2022/5474289
[5]	EBRAHIM N， SAIHATI H A AL， ALALI Z， et al. Lyophilized MSC-EVs attenuates COVID-19 pathogenesis by regulating the JAK/STAT pathway［J］. Stem Cell Res Ther， 2025， 16（1）：244. doi:10.1186/s13287-025-04284-8 doi: 10.1186/s13287-025-04284-8
[6]	王晓旭，李超然，王惠，等. 脐带来源间充质干细胞抑制巨噬细胞M1极化［J］. 中国免疫学杂志，2024，40（4）：673-679.
[7]	XIAO J， GONG X， FU Z， et al. The influence of inflammation on the characteristics of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells （ADMSCs） and tissue repair capability in a hepatic injury mouse model［J］. Stem Cell Res Ther， 2023， 14（1）：334. doi:10.1186/s13287-023-03532-z doi: 10.1186/s13287-023-03532-z
[8]	XIANG E， HAN B， ZHANG Q， et al. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells prevent the progression of early diabetic nephropathy through inhibiting inflammation and fibrosis［J］. Stem Cell Res Ther， 2020， 11（1）：336. doi:10.1186/s13287-020-01852-y doi: 10.1186/s13287-020-01852-y
[9]	SHAO J， XIE Z， YE Z， et al. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell therapy for atopic dermatitis through inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis［J］. Stem Cell Res Ther， 2025， 16（1）：243. doi:10.1186/s13287-025-04349-8 doi: 10.1186/s13287-025-04349-8
[10]	WU M， CHEN L， QI Y， et al. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell promotes angiogenesis via integrin β1/ERK1/2/HIF-1α/VEGF-A signaling pathway for off-the-shelf breast tissue engineering［J］. Stem Cell Res Ther， 2022， 13（1）： 99. doi:10.1186/s13287-022-02770-x doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-02770-x
[11]	MA L， HE X， WU Q. The Molecular Regulatory Mechanism in Multipotency and Differentiation of Wharton's Jelly Stem Cells［J］. Int J Mol Sci， 2023， 24（16）：12909. doi:10.3390/ijms241612909 doi: 10.3390/ijms241612909
[12]	杨佳曼，谢玉霖，范运龙，等. 人脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体驱动中性粒细胞向N2促血管生成表型转换的研究［J］. 解放军医学院学报，2024，45（4）：411-417.
[13]	TAN S T， AISYAH P B， FIRMANSYAH Y， et al. Effectiveness of Secretome from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Gel （10% SM-hUCMSC Gel） for Chronic Wounds （Diabetic and Trophic Ulcer） -Phase2 Clinical Trial［J］. J Multidiscip Healthc， 2023， 16：15. doi:10.2147/jmdh.s408162 doi: 10.2147/jmdh.s408162
[14]	SUN Q， ZHANG D， AI Q， et al. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve uterine incision healing after cesarean delivery in rats by modulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway［J］. Arch Gynecol Obstet， 2024， 310（1）：103-111. doi:10.1007/s00404-024-07381-w doi: 10.1007/s00404-024-07381-w
[15]	SHI X， ZHANG K， QI Q， et al. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate hepatic stellate cells activation and liver fibrosis［J］. Mol Biol Rep， 2024， 51（1）：734. doi:10.1007/s11033-024-09664-6 doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-09664-6
[16]	SU C Y， LIU T Y， WANG W C. Histopathological Study on Collagen in Full-Thickness Wound Healing in Fraser's Dolphins （Lagenodelphis hosei）［J］. Animals （Basel）， 2023， 13（10）：1681. doi:10.3390/ani13101681 doi: 10.3390/ani13101681
[17]	SIDGWICK G P， BAYAT A. Extracellular matrix molecules implicated in hypertrophic and keloid scarring［J］. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol， 2012， 26（2）：141-152. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04200.x doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04200.x
[18]	ZI Y， LI J， QIAN X P，et al. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes promote elastin production and acute skin wound healing via TGFβ1-Smad pathway［J］. Mol Cell Biochem， 2025， 480（7）：4499-4511. doi:10.1007/s11010-025-05264-5 doi: 10.1007/s11010-025-05264-5
[19]	RISK FACTOR COLLABORATION（NCD-RisC） NCD. Worldwide trends in diabetes prevalence and treatment from 1990 to 2022： A pooled analysis of 1108 population-representative studies with 141 million participants［J］. Lancet， 2024， 404（10467）：2077-2093.
[20]	RAI V， MOELLMER R， AGRAWAL D K. Clinically relevant experimental rodent models of diabetic foot ulcer［J］. Mol Cell Biochem， 2022， 477（4）：1239-1247. doi:10.1007/s11010-022-04372-w doi: 10.1007/s11010-022-04372-w
[21]	YANG J， CHEN Z， PAN D， et al. Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Combined Pluronic F127 Hydrogel Promote Chronic Diabetic Wound Healing and Complete Skin Regeneration［J］. Int J Nanomedicine， 2020， 15：5911-5926. doi:10.2147/ijn.s249129 doi: 10.2147/ijn.s249129
[22]	GAO Y， CHEN L， LI Y， et al. HUC-MSCs combined with platelet lysate treat diabetic chronic cutaneous ulcers in Bama miniature pig［J］. Regen Ther， 2024， 26：1138-1149. doi:10.1016/j.reth.2024.11.005 doi: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.11.005
[23]	HUANG Y， LAI H， JIANG J， et al. pH-activatable oxidative stress amplifying dissolving microneedles for combined chemo-photodynamic therapy of melanoma［J］. Asian J Pharm Sci， 2022， 17（5）：679-696. doi:10.1016/j.ajps.2022.08.003 doi: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.08.003
[24]	CHIN S P， SAFFERY N S， THEN K Y， et al. Preclinical assessments of safety and tumorigenicity of very high doses of allogeneic human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells［J］. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim， 2024， 60（3）：307-319. doi:10.1007/s11626-024-00852-z doi: 10.1007/s11626-024-00852-z
[25]	LI S， ZHANG J， LIU X， et al. Proteomic characterization of hUC-MSC extracellular vesicles and evaluation of its therapeutic potential to treat Alzheimer's disease［J］. Sci Rep， 2024， 14（1）：5959. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-56549-6 doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-56549-6
[26]	MA S， NI J， YE D， et al. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve the survial of flaps by promoting angiogenesis in mice［J］. Eur J Med Res， 2025， 30（1）：356. doi:10.1186/s40001-025-02602-7 doi: 10.1186/s40001-025-02602-7
[27]	WANG Y， WU J， CHEN J， et al. Mesenchymal stem cells paracrine proteins from three-dimensional dynamic culture system promoted wound healing in third-degree burn models［J］. Bioeng Transl Med， 2023， 8（6）：e10569.
[28]	SCHULMAN C I， NAMIAS N， PIZANO L， et al. The effect of mesenchymal stem cells improves the healing of burn wounds： A phase 1 dose-escalation clinical trial［J］. Scars Burn Heal， 2022， 8：20595131211070783. doi:10.1177/20595131211070783 doi: 10.1177/20595131211070783
[29]	ZHANG G， LI J， WANG D， et al. The mechanisms related to fibroblasts in burn surface［J］. Skin Res Technol， 2023， 29（8）：e13431. doi:10.1111/srt.13431 doi: 10.1111/srt.13431
[30]	SARKER R R， TSUNOI Y， HARUYAMA Y， et al. Depth distributions of bacteria for the Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected burn wounds treated by methylene blue-mediated photodynamic therapy in rats：Effects of additives to photosensitizer［J］. J Biomed Opt， 2022， 27（1）：018001. doi:10.1117/1.jbo.27.1.018001 doi: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.1.018001
[31]	TIAN L， WANG Z， LEI T， et al. PLL-g-HPA Hydrogel Loaded Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Burn Wound Healing in Rat Model by Regulating Inflammation Response［J］. J Inflamm Res， 2025， 18：779-789. doi:10.2147/jir.s492465 doi: 10.2147/jir.s492465
[32]	ZHOU Z， XUN J， WU C， et al. Acceleration of burn wound healing by micronized amniotic membrane seeded with umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells［J］. Mater Today Bio， 2023， 20：100686. doi:10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100686 doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100686
[33]	AHMED ABDELFATTAH A， MAHA ADEL S， MAHMOUD GAMAL E B. Fractional CO2 laser in the treatment of nail psoriasis： How can it help？［J］. Arch Dermatol Res， 2023，315（6）：1705-1715. doi:10.1007/s00403-023-02574-w doi: 10.1007/s00403-023-02574-w
[34]	JAVAID S， SCHALLEN K P， BARTLETT S， et al. Fractional CO₂ laser treatment as adjunctive therapy to topical steroids for managing vulvar lichen sclerosus［J］. Lasers Surg Med， 2022， 54（1）：138-151. doi:10.1002/lsm.23476 doi: 10.1002/lsm.23476
[35]	YUAN C， LI J， WANG H， et al. Therapeutic efficacy of bovine basic fibroblast growth factor combined with ultrapulsed fractional CO₂ laser in acne scars： Randomized controlled trial［J］. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol， 2023， 16：2813-2819. doi:10.2147/ccid.s428017 doi: 10.2147/ccid.s428017
[36]	GUO H， ZHANG X， LI H， et al. Dynamic panoramic presentation of skin function after fractional CO₂ laser treatment［J］. iScience， 2023， 26（9）：107559. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.107559 doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107559
[37]	ZI Y， LI J， QIAN X P， et al. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell exosomes promote elastin production and acute skin wound healing via TGFβ1-Smad pathway［J］. Mol Cell Biochem， 2025， 480（7）：4499-4511. doi:10.1007/s11010-025-05264-5 doi: 10.1007/s11010-025-05264-5
[38]	袁佩雯，王培森，侯秀英，等. 人脐带间充质干细胞分泌因子脂质体治疗黑素细胞痣激光治疗后皮肤损伤疗效观察［J］. 中国美容医学，2022，31（5）：10-13.
[39]	安希凤，廖选，刘宏伟. 自体脂肪移植治疗瘢痕的研究进展［J］. 实用医学杂志，2025，41（9）：1425-1432.
[40]	MAMUN A AL， SHAO C， GENG P， et al. Recent advances in molecular mechanisms of skin wound healing and its treatments［J］. Front Immunol， 2024， 15：1395479. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395479 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1395479