基质-软骨细胞的相互作用关系在骨关节炎中的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.10.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

细胞外基质是关节软骨的重要组成部分，在既往研究中更多地被认为是支撑软骨细胞的支架结构，提供机械负荷和弹性压缩的保护。随着研究的不断进展，大量文献表明，细胞外基质具有动态性质，响应其局部微环境的改变进行组分的降解、沉积、释放，进而对软骨细胞的功能和命运起到动态调节的作用。因此，该文概述了骨关节炎中，基质和软骨细胞的相互作用关系对软骨细胞的行为和关节稳态的影响。希望对基质-细胞互易关系的系统阐述能为骨关节炎的病理机制和软骨组织工程的设计构建提供新的见解。具体来说，该文先总结了组成细胞外基质的典型分子组件及其在基质中赋予的机械性能和软骨细胞中发挥的机械转导功能。接着，讨论了在骨关节炎进程中，软骨细胞在局部微环境中异常机械负荷或创伤的干扰下，对基质组件的合成分解产生的负面影响。最后，该文重点阐述了异常重塑的细胞外基质通过介导生物活性分解片段的生成，调节细胞因子的释放及机械特性的改变对软骨细胞信号转导及骨关节炎病理进展的影响。

关键词: 骨关节炎, 软骨, 细胞外基质, 细胞因子, 机械生物学

Abstract:

The extracellular matrix is an important component of articular cartilage， and in previous studies it was more commonly recognized as a scaffolding structure supporting chondrocytes that provides protection from mechanical loading and elastic compression. As research continues to progress， a large body of literature suggests that the extracellular matrix is dynamic in nature. It degrades， deposits， and releases components in response to changes in its local microenvironment， which in turn dynamically regulates chondrocyte function and fate. Therefore， this review outlines the impact of matrix-chondrocyte interactions on chondrocyte behavior and joint homeostasis in osteoarthritis. It is hoped that the systematic elucidation of matrix-cell reciprocal relationships will provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms of osteoarthritis and the design and construction of cartilage tissue engineering. Specifically， we first summarize the typical molecular components that make up the extracellular matrix and the mechanical properties they confer in the matrix and the mechanotransduction functions they exert in chondrocytes. Next， we discuss the negative impact of chondrocytes on the synthesis and breakdown of matrix components during the osteoarthritic process in response to abnormal mechanical loading in the local microenvironment or disturbance by trauma. Finally， we focus on the impact of an abnormally remodeled extracellular matrix on chondrocyte signaling and the pathological progression of osteoarthritis by mediating the generation of bioactive catabolic fragments， modulating cytokine release， and altering mechanical properties.

Key words: osteoarthritis, cartilage, extracellular matrix, cytokines, mechanobiology

中图分类号:

R684.3

柯桂芝,黄煜,富丽萍,邹斌华,刘刚. 基质-软骨细胞的相互作用关系在骨关节炎中的研究进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025, 41(10): 1590-1596.

Guizhi KE,Yu HUANG,Liping FU,Binhua ZOU,Gang. LIU. Research progress on matrix⁃chondrocyte interactions in osteoarthritis[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2025, 41(10): 1590-1596.

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