实用医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 278-287.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.02.019
收稿日期:
2024-10-21
出版日期:
2025-01-25
发布日期:
2025-01-26
通讯作者:
Lam Lawrence
E-mail:tmlam@must.edu.mo
基金资助:
Xingyu CHEN1,Ying XIAO1,Hualiang LIN2,Lawrence Lam.1()
Received:
2024-10-21
Online:
2025-01-25
Published:
2025-01-26
Contact:
Lawrence Lam.
E-mail:tmlam@must.edu.mo
摘要:
目的 探索气态污染物(SO2、NO2、CO、O3)对广东省7个城市心血管疾病入院人数、住院费用和住院时间的影响。 方法 纳入2017年1月至2019年12月广东省7个城市的2 010 905例心血管疾病患者为研究对象。从广东省电子医疗信息系统中获取心血管疾病住院患者人口学特征和住院情况,并在中国高分辨率高质量近地表空气污染物数据集提取SO2、NO2、CO和O3每日暴露浓度。采用多步骤时间序列分析方法估计了气态污染物对广东省7个城市心血管系统疾病的影响。 结果 lag0时(入院当天)SO2、NO2、CO浓度与心血管疾病入院人数、住院费用、住院时长均呈正相关,且NO2影响最大,另外NO2、CO的负面作用存在滞后效应,而O3浓度在lag0-7的时间窗内均与心血管疾病入院人数、住院费用、住院时长呈负相关。 结论 SO2、NO2、CO短期暴露可能与增加心血管疾病患者的疾病负担有一定相关性,且由于NO2较大的负面作用,仍然建议加强NO2的监控。但考虑本研究为回顾性研究,需要进一步开展深入研究。
中图分类号:
陈星宇,肖颖,林华亮,Lam Lawrence. 广东省7个城市气态污染物与心血管疾病入院人数、住院费用和住院天数的关系[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025, 41(2): 278-287.
Xingyu CHEN,Ying XIAO,Hualiang LIN,Lawrence Lam.. Study on the association between gaseous pollutants and cardiovascular disease hospitalization, hospitalization costs, and hospitalization days in seven cities of Guangdong province[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2025, 41(2): 278-287.
表1
2017—2019年广东7个城市每日CVD入院人数、住院费用和住院天数的描述性统计"
地区 | 日入院人数[M(P25,P75)]/例 | 日均住院费用(x ± s)/元 | 日均住院时长(x ± s)/d |
---|---|---|---|
总体 | 203(132, 292) | 4 637 528 ± 4 344 037 | 2 436.00 ± 2 673.94 |
东莞市 | 257(298, 225) | 4 734 374 ± 14 534 912 | 2 462.00 ± 645.65 |
佛山市 | 196(146, 240) | 2 792 633 ± 1 121 471 | 1 858.16 ± 668.06 |
广州市 | 766(389, 873) | 12 853 167 ± 5 409 314 | 8 757.00 ± 3 493.73 |
惠州市 | 181(151, 211) | 2 547 067 ± 879 149 | 1 447.28 ± 430.42 |
深圳市 | 279(220, 343) | 5 875 943 ± 2 232 953 | 2 940.29 ± 1 059.53 |
中山市 | 141(122, 161) | 2 296 549 ± 678 651 | 1 147.42 ± 303.45 |
珠海市 | 88(70, 103) | 1 360 887 ± 513 553 | 705.27 ± 215.08 |
表2
不同研究区域入院当天气态污染物概况 (x ± s)"
地区 | 污染物及大气相关指标 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SO2/(μg/m3) | NO2/(μg/m3) | CO/(mg/m3) | O3/ppb | 温度/℃ | 相对湿度/% | |
总体 | 8.97 ± 3.58 | 37.52 ± 18.19 | 0.80 ± 0.20 | 98.22 ± 46.12 | 22.88 ± 5.22 | 77.71 ± 11.71 |
东莞市 | 9.94 ± 2.92 | 37.49 ± 13.04 | 0.83 ± 0.17 | 104.32 ± 46.38 | 22.82 ± 5.21 | 77.02 ± 12.26 |
佛山市 | 11.32 ± 4.51 | 45.13 ± 20.44 | 0.86 ± 0.22 | 100.40 ± 53.10 | 22.94 ± 5.45 | 76.11 ± 11.79 |
广州市 | 10.29 ± 3.63 | 51.12 ± 20.17 | 0.90 ± 0.21 | 100.06 ± 53.40 | 22.80 ± 5.50 | 76.36 ± 12.14 |
惠州市 | 8.74 ± 2.06 | 26.22 ± 7.73 | 0.77 ± 0.15 | 97.39 ± 33.80 | 22.20 ± 5.27 | 78.20 ± 12.47 |
深圳市 | 7.31 ± 1.87 | 31.72 ± 12.67 | 0.72 ± 0.16 | 96.13 ± 42.07 | 22.88 ± 4.96 | 78.75 ± 11.41 |
中山市 | 8.85 ± 3.36 | 37.03 ± 18.64 | 0.81 ± 0.21 | 98.66 ± 49.69 | 23.18 ± 5.19 | 77.92 ± 10.87 |
珠海市 | 6.35 ± 3.28 | 33.92 ± 18.38 | 0.73 ± 0.21 | 90.58 ± 39.83 | 23.33 ± 4.88 | 79.65 ± 10.51 |
表3
入院当天污染物浓度(每上升一个IQR)与住院相关指标的关系(n=2 010 905) (xˉ(95%CI))"
污染物 | IQR | 住院费用/元 | 住院时长/d | 入院人数/例 |
---|---|---|---|---|
SO2/(μg/m3) | 3.93 | 30 558.70(2 296.45 ~ 58 820.17) | 21.93(8.92 ~ 34.90) | 0.02(0.01 ~ 0.04) |
NO2/(μg/m3) | 20.68 | 285 600.07(116 245.81 ~ 454 954.33) | 159.07(65.57 ~ 252.36) | 0.08(0.06 ~ 0.08) |
CO/(mg/m3) | 0.24 | 195 413.45(46 655.96 ~ 344 170.97) | 114.49(29.81 ~ 199.17) | 0.04(0.03 ~ 0.06) |
O3/ppb | 62.24 | -44 369.83(-83 995.42 ~ -4 743.62) | -25.52(-48.54 ~ -1.87) | -0.02(-0.03 ~ -0.01) |
表4
不同滞后天数污染物浓度(每上升一个IQR)与住院人数、住院花费和住院时长的关系 (xˉ(95%CI))"
污染物 | 住院费用/元 | 住院时长/d | 入院人数/例 |
---|---|---|---|
SO2/(μg/m3) | |||
lag0 | 30 558.70(2 296.45 ~ 58 820.17) | 21.93(8.92 ~ 34.90) | 0.024(0.012 ~ 0.035) |
lag1 | -7 231.70(-35 198.54 ~ 20 735.14) | 3.31(-9.56 ~ 16.64) | 0.004(-0.008 ~ 0.016) |
lag2 | -16 282.90(-48 286.83 ~ 15 721.07) | 0.51(-14.58 ~ 15.65) | 0.004(-0.004 ~ 0.016) |
lag3 | -6 687.03(-34 863.79 ~ 21 489.68) | 8.05(-4.93 ~ 21.02) | 0.012(0.001 ~ 0.020) |
lag4 | -12 062.38(-40 318.95 ~ 16 194.23) | 1.90(-11.17 ~ 14.93) | 0.004(-0.008 ~ 0.016) |
lag5 | -25 636.38(-53 424.58 ~ 2 151.82) | -5.19(-17.97 ~ 7.59) | 0.002(-0.008 ~ 0.012) |
lag6 | -29 349.36(-66 965.86 ~ 8 267.18) | -1.07(-16.39 ~ 14.25) | 0.004(-0.004 ~ 0.012) |
lag7 | -9 179.33(-37 148.54 ~ 18 789.91) | 3.40(-9.52 ~ 16.28) | 0.008(-0.004 ~ 0.016) |
NO2/(μg/m3) | |||
lag0 | 285 600.07(116 245.81 ~ 454 954.33) | 159.07(65.57 ~ 252.36) | 0.083(0.062 ~ 0.083) |
lag1 | 151 761.50(73 317.46 ~ 230 205.75) | 87.35(48.11 ~ 126.37) | 0.062(0.041 ~ 0.062) |
lag2 | 104 038.72(46 489.42 ~ 161 588.01) | 56.28(32.07 ~ 80.49) | 0.041(0.041 ~ 0.062) |
lag3 | 42 984.28(15 660.55 ~ 70 308.00) | 27.96(15.33 ~ 40.39) | 0.041(0.021 ~ 0.041) |
lag4 | 10 425.93(-16 602.16 ~ 37 454.02) | 3.50(-8.84 ~ 16.04) | 0.021(0.004 ~ 0.021) |
lag5 | -17 451.57(-44 048.54 ~ 9 145.19) | -8.45(-20.39 ~ 3.71) | 0.004(-0.006 ~ 0.012) |
lag6 | -55 402.00(-107 039.86 ~ -3 764.35) | -9.69(-30.30 ~ 10.72) | 0.002(-0.006 ~ 0.010) |
lag7 | -32 865.88(-70 458.52 ~ 4 726.98) | -5.95(-20.74 ~ 9.03) | 0.002(-0.002 ~ 0.006) |
CO/(mg/m3) | |||
lag0 | 195 413.45(46 655.96 ~ 344 170.97) | 114.49(29.81 ~ 199.17) | 0.044(0.030 ~ 0.058) |
lag1 | 103 140.70(25 622.38 ~ 180 659.02) | 70.42(24.98 ~ 115.86) | 0.032(0.018 ~ 0.047) |
lag2 | 100 007.58(36 388.17 ~ 163 626.98) | 60.75(28.46 ~ 93.03) | 0.032(0.021 ~ 0.044) |
lag3 | 62 149.42(24 572.96 ~ 99 725.87) | 42.14(17.85 ~ 66.43) | 0.025(0.016 ~ 0.033) |
lag4 | 19 549.30(-6 269.75 ~ 45 368.35) | 9.47(-2.28 ~ 21.22) | 0.009(0.000 ~ 0.018) |
lag5 | 12 588.68(-13 202.60 ~ 38 379.97) | 5.35(-6.27 ~ 16.98) | 0.006(-0.002 ~ 0.015) |
lag6 | 36 214.61(10 463.29 ~ 61 965.91) | 17.80(6.13 ~ 29.47) | 0.014(0.005 ~ 0.022) |
lag7 | 96 602.30(20 196.48 ~ 173 008.11) | 42.06(7.28 ~ 76.84) | 0.019(0.010 ~ 0.028) |
O3/ppb | |||
lag0 | -44 369.83(-83 995.42,-4 743.62) | -25.52(-48.54 ~ -1.87) | -0.019(-0.031 ~ -0.006) |
lag1 | -87 165.14(-140 029.81 ~ -34 300.46) | -39.30(-63.63 ~ -14.35) | -0.031(-0.044 ~ -0.019) |
lag2 | -58 685.40(-97 777.31 ~ -19 594.11) | -30.45(-50.95 ~ -10.56) | -0.031(-0.037 ~ -0.019) |
lag3 | -47 380.94(-79 263.33 ~ -15 498.56) | -34.12(-53.35 ~ -14.89) | -0.019(-0.031 ~ -0.012) |
lag4 | -57 239.95(-97 995.12 ~ -16 484.78) | -32.36(-57.25 ~ -7.47) | -0.019(-0.031 ~ -0.012) |
lag5 | -67 479.32(-110 942.25 ~ -24 016.39) | -37.91(-63.39 ~ -12.43) | -0.025(-0.031 ~ -0.012) |
lag6 | -137 894.93(-217 073.00 ~ -58 717.47) | -65.83(-101.85 ~ 29.19) | -0.031(-0.043 ~ -0.025) |
lag7 | -65 620.39(-116 279.14 ~ -14 961.63) | -31.26(-53.14 ~ 9.38) | -0.019(-0.031 ~ -0.013) |
表5
不同滑动滞后天数污染物浓度(每上升一个IQR)与住院人数、住院花费和住院时长的关系 (xˉ(95%CI))"
污染物 | 住院费用/元 | 住院时长/d | 入院人数/例 |
---|---|---|---|
SO2/(μg/m3) | |||
Slag0 | 30 558.70(2 296.45 ~ 58 820.17) | 21.93(8.92 ~ 34.90) | 0.02(0.01 ~ 0.04) |
Slag01 | 4 663.67(-26 052.12 ~ 35 379.45) | 10.02(-4.17 ~ 24.21) | 0.010(0.00 ~ 0.02) |
Slag02 | -15 310.91(-47 864.71 ~ 17 242.89) | 0.71(-14.34 ~ 15.76) | 0.005(-0.01 ~ 0.02) |
Slag03 | -24 564.79(-58 895.70 ~ 9 766.12) | -4.80(-22.85 ~ 13.25) | -0.005(-0.02 ~ 0.01) |
Slag04 | -34 467.89(-71 506.17 ~ 2 570.38) | -18.14(-46.54 ~ 10.26) | -0.01(-0.03 ~ 0.01) |
Slag05 | -50 794.01(-94 679.85 ~ -6 908.17) | -28.22(-62.49 ~ 6.06) | -0.01(-0.04 ~ 0.01) |
Slag06 | -69 336.77(-126 536.58 ~ -12 136.96) | -34.44(-75.05 ~ 6.17) | -0.02(-0.04 ~ 0.01) |
Slag07 | -76 510.10(-138 882.73 ~ -14 137.47) | -33.62(-74.60 ~ 7.36) | -0.02(-0.04 ~ 0.01) |
NO2/(μg/m3) | |||
Slag0 | 285 600.07(116 245.81 ~ 454 954.33) | 159.07(65.57 ~ 252.36) | 0.08(0.06 ~ 0.08) |
Slag01 | 289 071.57(128 149.22 ~ 449 993.91) | 115.04(70.50 ~ 159.57) | 0.08(0.07 ~ 0.10) |
Slag02 | 288 746.45(132 747.11 ~ 444 745.80) | 114.54(71.55 ~ 157.52) | 0.09(0.08 ~ 0.10) |
Slag03 | 261 307.75(121 995.39 ~ 400 620.12) | 104.39(65.39 ~ 143.40) | 0.09(0.08 ~ 0.10) |
Slag04 | 205 004.05(96 882.04 ~ 313 126.07) | 83.64(52.15 ~ 115.14) | 0.09(0.08 ~ 0.10) |
Slag05 | 109 710.03(69 034.11 ~ 150 385.94) | 59.86(41.49 ~ 78.23) | 0.08(0.06 ~ 0.09) |
Slag06 | 91 649.97(48 884.47 ~ 134 415.46) | 55.70(36.34 ~ 75.05) | 0.07(0.06 ~ 0.08) |
Slag07 | 80 561.63(35 757.80 ~ 125 365.45) | 52.29(31.97 ~ 72.60) | 0.07(0.05 ~ 0.08) |
CO/(mg/m3) | |||
Slag0 | 195 413.45(46 655.96 ~ 344 170.97) | 114.49(29.81 ~ 199.17) | 0.04(0.03 ~ 0.06) |
Slag01 | 175 421.46(76 886.76 ~ 273 956.15) | 78.50(37.70 ~ 119.31) | 0.05(0.03 ~ 0.06) |
Slag02 | 194 635.55(67 467.72 ~ 321 803.39) | 86.98(43.43 ~ 130.53) | 0.05(0.03 ~ 0.07) |
Slag03 | 219 403.07(64 601.27 ~ 374 204.88) | 89.87(45.17 ~ 134.57) | 0.05(0.04 ~ 0.07) |
Slag04 | 155 809.46(70 568.64 ~ 241 050.28) | 84.06(40.71 ~ 127.40) | 0.05(0.03 ~ 0.06) |
Slag05 | 135 174.87(60 941.56 ~ 209 408.19) | 78.62(37.63 ~ 119.60) | 0.05(0.03 ~ 0.06) |
Slag06 | 151 785.32(73 206.15 ~ 230 364.50) | 81.34(40.45 ~ 122.23) | 0.05(0.03 ~ 0.06) |
Slag07 | 163 255.68(78 875.58 ~ 247 635.78) | 91.53(45.70 ~ 137.36) | 0.05(0.04 ~ 0.06) |
O3/ppb | |||
Slag0 | -44 369.83(-83 995.42,-4 743.62) | -25.52(-48.54 ~ -1.87) | -0.02(-0.03 ~ -0.01) |
Slag01 | -94 701.31(-132 070.35 ~ -57 332.27) | -42.24(-60.81 ~ -23.66) | -0.04(-0.05 ~ -0.03) |
Slag02 | -133 840.18(-188 688.10 ~ -78 992.27) | -60.34(-84.18 ~ -36.51) | -0.05(-0.06 ~ -0.04) |
Slag03 | -164 671.25(-232 339.50 ~ -97 002.99) | -73.46(-100.80 ~ -46.11) | -0.06(-0.07 ~ -0.05) |
Slag04 | -200 065.91(-287 386.24 ~ -112 745.58) | -87.53(-120.24 ~ -54.82) | -0.07(-0.08 ~ -0.06) |
Slag05 | -239 700.3(-352 573.55 ~ -126 827.06) | -102.03(-142.13 ~ -61.93) | -0.07(-0.08 ~ -0.06) |
Slag06 | -289 964.52(-433 509.27 ~ -146 419.78) | -120.38(-170.59 ~ -70.18) | -0.08(-0.09 ~ -0.07) |
Slag07 | -326 699.87(-493 917.78 ~ -159 481.97) | -133.83(-192.19 ~ -75.47) | -0.09(-0.10 ~ -0.07) |
表6
入院当天多污染物浓度对住院相关指标的联合作用"
污染物 | 住院费用/元 | 住院时长/d | 入院人数/例 |
---|---|---|---|
NO2/(μg/m3) | |||
+SO2 | 527 621.39(208 847.33, 846 395.44) | 213.21(115.02, 311.39) | 0.14(0.10, 0.18) |
+CO | 217 643.62(94 225.91, 341 061.34) | 92.66(49.07, 136.24) | 0.08(0.06, 0.09) |
+O3 | 376 843.55(141 893.50, 611 793.60) | 147.92(86.54, 209.30) | 0.10(0.08, 0.12) |
SO2/(μg/m3) | |||
+NO2 | 31 053.07(-59 139.994, 121 246.13) | 14.30(-1.51, 30.11) | 0.02(0.01, 0.03) |
+CO | -25 337.60(-64 785.64, 14 110.43) | -7.73(-26.88, 11.42) | 0.00(-0.01, 0.01) |
+O3 | 63 734.96(23 695.79, 103 774.14) | 42.32(20.85, 63.79) | 0.04(0.03, 0.05) |
CO/(mg/m3) | |||
+NO2 | 427 942.00(196 255.18, 659 628.90) | 30.76(0.92, 60.60) | 0.10(-0.08, 0.29) |
+SO2 | 225 073.30(43 033.64, 407 112.97) | 80.33(39.24, 121.42) | 0.73(0.45, 1.00) |
+O3 | 517 623.10(285 298.32, 749 947.90) | 85.87(45.04, 126.70) | 0.83(0.58, 1.07) |
O3/ppb | |||
+NO2 | -207 880.04(-337 896.10, -77 863.97) | -84.86(-124.14, -45.58) | -0.06(-0.07, -0.05) |
+SO2 | -88 629.05(-132 347.55, -44 910.55) | -48.28(-70.31, -26.25) | -0.04(-0.05, -0.03) |
+CO | -91 279.05(-136 136.18, -46 421.93) | -49.71(-75.42, -24.00) | -0.03(-0.04, -0.02) |
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