Peritoneal Dialysis is one of the treatments for end⁃stage renal disease（ESRD）. Although the peritoneum can be used as a biodialysis membrane to remove metabolic waste，the annual mortality rate in peritoneal dialytic patients is still high，and the progressive fibrosis of the peritoneum has shortened the application cycle of peritoneal dialysis. Through non⁃targeted and targeted metabonomics studies on the serum of peritoneal dialysis patients，we could find the differential metabolites of patients with adequate peritoneal dialysis and inadequate peri⁃ toneal dialysis. Previous studies have shown that certain metabolite such as trimethylamine N⁃oxide，canine Urine and citrulline，tryptophan metabolite 5⁃methoxytryptophan（5⁃MTP）is the most promising biomarker metabolite for the detection of early CKD；CA125，IL⁃6 and Plasminogen Activator inhibitor 1（PAI⁃1），VEGF，and MMP2 arepossible biomarkers of peritoneal fibrosis. Therefore，various metabolomics methods are implemented to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways related to peritoneal dialysis，and has positive significance for the diagnosis and treatment in Chronic Kidney Disease patients. Metabolomics research is expected to discover pathways related to the disease process.

Objective By comparing the application effects of ulnar⁃basilic arteriovenous fistula（observa⁃ tion group）and radial⁃cephalic arteriovenous fistula （control group），explore its application value in the long⁃term dialysis treatment of patients with end⁃stage renal disease. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 154 patients who underwent arteriovenous fistula in the Department of Nephrology of the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University from January 2018 to May 2019（10 cases of ulnar⁃basilic arteriovenous fistula and 144 cases of radial ⁃ cephalic arteriovenous fistula）. The patients were followed up for 2 years. The differences of maturation time，infection rate，complication rate，primary patency rate and secondary patency rate as of 1，6，12 and 24 months between the two surgical methods were analyzed statistically. Results There were no significant differences in primary diabetic nephropathy，age，gender composition，and peripheral vascular disease between the two groups（P > 0.05）. All patients had successful internal fistula surgery，and there were no major vascular and nerve damage or hemorrhage during the operation. The internal fistula was unobstructed，and the blood vessel murmur was clear. There were no internal fistula infections，swollen hands，internal fistula limbs stealing blood， and cardiac insufficiency in the postoperative follow ⁃ up. The average maturity time of the observation group was （37.00 ± 13.40）days，and the average maturity time of the control group was（30.00 ± 2.00）days. There was a statistically significant difference in the average maturity time between the two groups（t = 6.227，P < 0.001）. In regard of complications，there was 1 case of pseudoaneurysm in the observation group while 1 case of tumor ⁃likedilatation occurred in the control group. The primary patency rates in the observation group as of 1，6，12 and 24 months was respectively 70% ，60% ，60% ，60% . While in the control group they were respectively 98.61% ， 96.13%，92.36%，88.19%. The primary patency rate was significantly different between the two groups（χ2 = 9.902， P = 0.002）. The secondary patency rates in the observation group as of 1，6，12 and 24 months were respectively 80%，80%，70%，and 70%. In the observation group，the secondary patency rate at 1，6，12 and 24 months was 80%， 80%，70%，70%，respectively，while in the control group，the secondary patency rate at 1，6，12 and 24 months was 98.61%，97.22%，96.53%，96.53% . There was significant difference in secondary patency between the two groups （χ2 = 21.32，P < 0.001）. Conclusion The surgical infection rate and complication rate of ulnar⁃basilic arteriove⁃ nous fistula were low. But compared with the radial⁃cephalic arteriovenous fistula ，the primary patency rate and secondary patency rate of 1 month，6 months，12 months and 24 months were lower，and the maturation time was relatively longer. Therefore，it could be used as a secondary option under certain conditions.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and risk factors of restless legs syndrome （RLS）in maintenance hemodialysis（MHD）patients，and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of hemodiafiltration with endogenous reinfusion（HFR）in the treatment of RLS and sleep quality in MHD patients. Methods The related risk factors of RLS were investigated in the patients who had received MHD in the second affiliated hospital of Suzhou University from June 1，2020 to December 31，2020. Forty⁃nine patients with RLS were randomly divided into HFR group and hemodiafiltration（HDF）group. The changes in laboratory indexes，RLS severity and sleep quality before and 3 months after treatment were observed. Results Of 247 MHD patients，there were 49 RLS cases. Logistic regression analysis showed that dialysis duration ≥ 50 months，higher phosphorus level，lower urea removal index and higher β2 microglobulin level were the risk factors associated with RLS in HD patients（P < 0.05）. As compared with the baselines ，serum β 2 ⁃microglobulin level ，RLS scores ，and PSQI scores were decreased significantly in HFR group，but only RLS scores decreased significantly in HDF group. Level of serum β2⁃microglobulin（t = -2.122，P = 0.047）and RLS scores（t = -2.113，P = 0.048）in HFR group were lower than those in HDF group. Conclusions Longer dialysis duration，higher serum phosphorus level，lower urea clearance index，and higher β2⁃microglobulin level are the independent risk factors for RLS. HFR is more effective in improv⁃ ing sleep quality and symptoms of RLS than HDF. 

Objective To investigate the risk factors of single⁃stage sodium citrate for coagulation in hemo⁃ dialysis（HD），and to establish a prediction model. Methods A total of 240 patients with high⁃risk bleeding who received 640 HD treatments in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January 2018 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The relevant parameters of anticoagulant treatment were analyzed. The risk factors of coagulation were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The risk prediction model was established according to the results of logistic regression analysis，the nomogram of the prediction model was established by R language，and the receiver operator characteristic curve（ROC）was used to analyze the predic⁃ tion value of the regression model. Results The proportion of 640 cases with single⁃stage coagulation was 25.93%. Logistic regression analysis showed that vascular pathway，total ultrafiltration volume，ratio of sodium citrate pump⁃ ing speed to blood flow（T/Q），diet，2h B free Ca2+ concentration and venous pressure were independent risk factors for coagulation. The prediction model of single⁃stage HD treatment was established based on the above findings. Using ROC curve analysis，the area under curve（AUC）was 0.996 and 0.661 was the cut⁃off point，the sensitivity was 0.983 and the specificity was 0.994. Conclusion The model of coagulation risk established by logistic regres⁃ sion model could make a preliminary judgment on coagulation occurs in single⁃stage HD treatment.

Objective This study aimed to explore the mechanism of exosome secreted by bone mesenchy⁃ mal stem cells overexpressing IDO（BMSCIDO⁃exosome）inhibiting the activation of T and DC cells. Method The experimental group consisted of BMSCIDO⁃exosome was co⁃cultured with DC and T cells. In co⁃cultured DC and T cells，the expression of miR⁃540⁃3p，CD74，CD28，CCL4，p⁃ERK1/2，p⁃NF⁃κB，and p⁃AKT was detected. The targeted binding of miRNA⁃540⁃3p to CD74 gene was also verified. Results In the experimental group，miR⁃540⁃ 3p expression increased in DC cells while CD74 and p⁃p65 expression decreased. MiR⁃540⁃3p expression increased in T cells，while CD74 and p⁃AKT expression decreased. MiRNA⁃540⁃3p has been shown to bind specifically to CD74. Conclusions BMSCIDO⁃exosome could inhibit the activation of DC and T cells through the miRNA⁃540⁃3p （+）/CD74（-）/p⁃NF⁃κB molecular axis and the miRNA⁃540⁃3p（+）/CD74（-）/p⁃AKT（-）molecular axis，respec⁃ tively.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of miR⁃130b⁃3p on glucose starvation induced autophagic cell death in cervical cancer cells. Methods Cervical cancer cells were cultivated in DMSO or rapamy⁃ cin⁃containing low level of glucose（0.1 mmol/L）and standard glucose（5 mmol/L）media，low level of glucose + DMSO and low level of glucose + rapamycin，respectively. Propidium iodide staining assay，GFP⁃LC3B assay，semi⁃ quantitative real⁃time PCR（RT⁃qPCR）and Western blot assays were subsequently employed to determine the rate of cell death，autophagy level and the expression levels of miR⁃130b⁃3p，AMPK mRNA and AMPK protein in cervical cancer cells. The effects of miR⁃130b⁃3p and ampk on autophagy and cell death ratio were determined by transfecting miR⁃130b⁃3p inhibitor and the plasmid overexpressing the AMPK gene，then，after stimulation with autophagy inhib⁃ itor SBI⁃0206965，respectively. Multiple bioinformatics techniques were used to predict miR⁃130b⁃3p target genes， which were then confirmed using a fluorescence reporter gene assay. Results Low glucose induced autophagy， increased miR⁃130b⁃3p levels，decreased AMPK expression levels（P < 0.05），and no significant changes in mortality in cervical cancer cells（P > 0.05）；low level of glucose + rapamycin dramatically boosted autophagy and death in cervical cancer cells when compared to the low level of glucose + DMSO group. After transfection of miR⁃130b⁃3p inhibitor，cervical cancer cell autophagy levels and autophagic cell death ratio increased significantly under low glucose conditions（P < 0.05）；overexpression of AMPK can promote autophagy and autophagic cell death ratio of cervical cancer cells significantly increased（P < 0.05）. Fluorescence reporter gene expression level detection results con⁃ firmed that AMPK was the direct target gene of miR⁃130b⁃3p（P < 0.05）. Conclusion Under low glucose condi⁃ tions，miR⁃130b⁃3p inhibits autophagic cell death in cervical cancer cells by targeting the AMPK gene.

Objective To explore the mechanism of autophagy in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis（IPF）and the impact of autophagy modifications on EMT regulation，as well as to offer an experimental foundation for further IPF pathogenesis research. Methods Different concentrations of transforming growth factor⁃β（TGF⁃β1）was used to induce human alveolar epithelial cells A549 cells，and changes of cell morphology were observed by microscope. CCK8 assay detected the effects of different concentrations of TGF ⁃ β1 on A549 cell viability. Western blot mea⁃ sured the effects of different concentrations of TGF⁃β1 on the expression of autophagy and EMT⁃related proteins， and the optimal induction concentration and time were selected to establish the model of IPF in vitro.Transmission electron microscopy（TEM）was used to observe the effects of 5 ng/mL TGF⁃β1 on autophagy of A549 cells. RAPA， an autophagy agonist，was used to study the effect of autophagy on EMT. A549 cells were divided into four groups：control，model（5 ng/mL TGF⁃β1），RAPA（10 nmol/L RAPA），and TGF⁃β1+RAPA（5 ng/mL TGF⁃β1 +10nmol/L RAPA）. Western blot and Immunofluorescence were used to detect the expression of autophagy and EMT⁃ related proteins after the treatment of rapamycin（RAPA），an autophagy agonist. Results Compared with the control group，the cell morphology of the experimental group changed from irregular polygon to spindle shape and the cells were scattered，showing the typical appearance of EMT. TGF⁃β1 had no significant cytotoxic effect on A549 cells in the experimental concentrations range（P > 0.05）. Compared with the control group，the protein expressions of Beclin1 and E ⁃cadherin in the TGF ⁃β1 concentration gradient induced groups were decreased，while the protein expressions of p62 and N⁃cadherin were increased（P < 0.05）. TEM showed that compared with the control group， the cell morphology changed to spindle shape after TGF⁃β1 treatment，and the number of autolysosomes decreased significantly. Western blot and Immunofluorescence data showed that in RAPA group，the expressions of LC3， Beclin1，and E⁃cadherin were up⁃regulated，while the expressions of p62，N⁃cadherin，and Fibronectin were down⁃ regulated（P < 0.05）. Conclusion TGF⁃β1 can suppress the level of autophagy and promote the occurrence of EMT in A549 cells，whereas RAPA enhanced autophagy may alleviate pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting EMT process.

Objective To investigate the effect of EIF4A3 / MMP11 on invasion，migration and EMT of colorectal cancer. Methods A total of 20 samples of cancer and para⁃cancer tissue of patients with colorectal can⁃ cerwere obtained from our hospital. Bioinformatics was used to predict the expression of MMP11 in colorectal cancer. qRT ⁃ PCR and western blot were used to verify the expression of MMP11 in colorectal cancer tissues and cells. In colorectal cancer cells，rip assay was used to detect the interaction between EIF4A3 and MMP11，and actinomycin D was added to detect the half⁃life of MMP11 mRNA. HCT15 cells were co transfected with si⁃EIF4A3 and MMP11. The invasion and migration of HCT15 cells were detected by Transwell and scratch test. The expression of EMT related proteins was detected by western blot. Results The expression of MMP11 was increased in colorectal cancer tissues and cells（all P < 0.001）. EIF4A3 interacted with MMP11 and enhanced the stability of MMP11 mRNA （P < 0.05）. Inhibition of EIF4A3 expression inhibited the invasion，migration and EMT process of HCT15 cells（all P < 0.05），while inhibition of EIF4A3 expression and overexpression of MMP11 reversed these effects. Conclusion The expression of MMP11 was increased in colorectal cancer tissues and cells. EIF4A3 couldbind and increase the stability of MMP11 mRNA，and promote the invasion，migration and EMT process of colorectal cancer.

Objective To explore the interaction between genetic susceptibility of T2DM and LEPR gene rs3790433 and rs12037879，ADIPOR1 gene rs10920533，ADIPOR2 gene rs11061971 and environmental factors in Mongolian type 2 diabetes population. Methods A case⁃control study was carried out.The case group consisted of 238 Mongolians with type 2 diabetes from Hohhot，Xilinhot，and Tongliao.238 healthy Mongolians made comprised the control group. Multiple high temperature ligase detection reaction（iMLDR）was used to detect gene single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）. Generalized multi ⁃factor dimensionality reduction（GMDR）was used to analyze the interaction between the gene and environmental factors. Results The genotype CC+CT of rs3790433 and the genotype AA+AT of rs1106197 were“high risk”genotypes of T2DM in the Mongolian population（P > 0.05）. GMDR results show that the first ⁃ order interaction optimal model rs3790433，overweight/obesity has interaction （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The SNPs in the LEPR，ADIPOR1，and ADIPOR2 genes have been linked to T2DM susceptibility in the Mongolian population. The interaction of the LEPR and ADIPOR2 genes with environmental factors may increase the risk of T2DM in Mongolians.

Objective To observe the extrauterine growth and development of very low birth weight infants and establish a prediction model of extrauterine growth retardation（EUGR）. Methods A total of 804 very low birth weight infants admitted to our hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were included as the research objects and were divided into EUGR group（n = 567）and non⁃EUGR group（n = 237）based on the differential diagnosis of EUGR. The basic information of the patients was compared between the two groups during hospitalization，and then the variables with differences were included in the logistic regression analysis. The EUGR was taken as the dependent variable（Y，yes = 1，no = 0），and other variables like intrauterine growth retardation（IUGR），birth weight，time to recover birth weight，time to start enteral nutrition，sepsis，NRDS and amino acid content at the end of the first week as the independent（X）. The risk factors of EUGR in the very low birth weight infants were analyzed，and finally the ROC curve of risk factors was drawn to establish the EUGR prediction model. Results Among the 804 very low birth weight infants，567 cases（70.52%）developed EUGR and they were all included in the EUGR group. Amongthem，the height of 254 cases was less than 2 standard deviations of the normal infants of the same age and sex at 6 months，the body weight of 285 cases had was less than 2 standard deviations of the normal infants of the same age and sex，and the head circumference of 154 cases was less than 2 standard deviations of the normal infants of same age and sex. There were 237 cases（29.48%）diagnosed with no EUGR and then assigned as the non⁃EUGR group. There were no significant differences in gender，gestational age，discharge weight，length of hospital stay，Apgar score，duration of parenteral nutrition，total oral feeding time，total oral maximum calorie，fat emulsion volume and energy intake at the first and second weekend，amino acid intake at the second weekend，purulent meningitis，BPD and ICH between the two groups（P > 0.05）. The birth weight and amino acid content at the end of the first week in the EUGR group were both significantly lower than those in the non⁃EUGR group，the start time of enteral nutrition and the recovery time of birth weight in the EUGR group were both significantly later than those in the non ⁃EUGR group，and the rates of the infants combined with IUGR，sepsis and NRDS were significantly higher than those in the non⁃EUGR group（P < 0.05）. Logistic regression analysis showed that IUGR，birth weight，time to recover to the birth weight，time to start enteral nutrition，sepsis，NRDS and amino acid content at the end of the first week were inde⁃ pendent influencing factors of EUGR in the very low birth weight infants（P < 0.05）. ROC analysis showed that birth weight，time to recover to the birth weight，time to start enteral nutrition，amino acid content at the end of the first week and area under the curve of combined prediction were 0.830，0.782，0.862，0.851 and 0.911，respectively. The area under the curve（0.911）and 95% IC（0.851⁃0.972）of combined prediction was better（P < 0.05）. Conclusion The incidence of EUGR in very low birth weight infants is high，and it has many influencing factors. Clinically，the formula of（Y=Xbirth weight ⁃2.134×X + 3.451 × X start enteral nutrition time + 4.160 ×+ X amount of amino acid at the end of the first week）is suggested to use in the prediction of EUGR in the very low birth weight infants. 

Objective To investigate the effect of timing and type of allergenic food introduction on allergic diseases in infants. Methods Exclusively breastfed children attending the Department of Child Health of Guang⁃ dong Women and Children′s Hospital from January 2017 to December 2020 were selected as the subjects，and a cohort was established with regular follow⁃up. Data on the timing and types of allergenic food introduced and the occurrence of allergic diseases in infants were collected and statistically analyzed to compare the differences in the occurrence of allergic diseases in infants when allergenic food was introduced at different times and when different types of allergenic food were added at the same timing. Results A total of 554 infants were included，and 198 cases were diagnosed with allergic diseases during the follow⁃up，with an overall prevalence of 35.74%. The proportion of allergic diseases occurring in infants introduced with allergenic foods at < 4 months，4 ~ 6 months，and 6 ~ 12 months of age was 57.1%（n = 84），24.4%（n = 246），and 40.2%（n = 224），respectively，with statistically significant differences among the 3 groups（P < 0.05）. In contrast，there was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of allergic diseases in infants with different types of allergenic foods added at the same timing（P > 0.05）. Conclusion The timing of allergenic food introduction rather than the type may affect the occurrence of allergic diseases in infants，and the introduction of allergenic food in exclusively breastfed children at 4 ~ 6 months of age may have a protective effect on the occurrence of allergic diseases in infants.

Objective To analyze the relationship between Differentially Expressed Genes（DEGs）and prognosis in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma（ESCC），explore the key pathways affecting the development of ESCC. Methods The R language′ s limma program was used to screen DEGs from ESCC transcriptomics data downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus（GEO）and The Cancer Genome Atlas（TCGA）databases. The Cox regression models were used to screen for independent prognostic genes in ESCC. The TIMER database was used to investigate the relationship between independent prognostic genes and immune infiltrating cells. To predict the regulatory network of DEGs in ESCC，Gene Set Enrichment Analysis（GSEA）and Gene Set Variation Analysis （GSVA）were used. Results The GSE17351，GSE20347，GSE100942 and TCGA datasets yielded a total of 55 common DEGs，with 40 up⁃regulated and 15 down⁃regulated genes. Univariate Cox regression analysis of 55 com⁃ mon DEGs indicated the 7 DEGs，including TTK，CHEK1，FEN1，KIF14，NUP155，KIF23 and CENPE，were related to the overall survival time of ESCC patients. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed only TTK could be used as an independent prognostic factor for ESCC. TTK may influence the development of ESCC by regulating cell cycle,DNA damage repair，and other cell proliferation⁃related pathways，according to GSEA and GSVA results. Conclusion The up⁃regulation of TTK could be used as a potential poor prognostic marker in ESCC. 

Objective The purpose of this study was to see how different doses of sufentanil combined with dexmedetomidine affected agitation after adenoidectomy in children. Methods Eighty⁃one children with adenoid hypertrophy were randomly divided into three groups according to different doses of sufentanil. During anesthesia induction，group A was given sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg，group B was given sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg，group C was given suf⁃ entanil 0.3 μg/kg. After induction，the three groups were combined with dexmedetomidine 0.5 μg/kg ，sevoflurane combined with remifentanil was used for anesthesia maintenance. The incidence of agitation and adverse reactions after extubation were recorded. Results Compared with group A，the incidence of agitation，FLACC score of early postoperative analgesia ，the number of additional analgesics and the incidence of cough after extubation were lower in group B and group C（P < 0.05）. Compared with group C，the recovery time of spontaneous breathing，extubation time and PACU stay time of group A and group B were shorter（P < 0.05）. Conclusion In children，sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg combined with dexmedetomidine reduces agitation and improves safety during adenoidectomy.

Objective To explore the efficacy of double⁃dose esomeprazole and mosapride combined with tandospirone in the treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease（rGERD）. Methods One hundred and forty⁃six patients with rGERD were randomly divided into control group（double⁃dose esomeprazole + mosapride） and treatment group（double ⁃ dose esomeprazole + mosapride + tandospirone），with seventy ⁃ three cases each group. The differences in clinical symptom score，endoscopic mucosal grading，total therapeutic response，SAS score，SDS score，SF⁃36 score，esophageal dynamics indexes and serological indexes were compared between the two groups. The adverse reactions of the two groups were recorded，and the recurrence rate of the patients with effective treatment was followed up for half a year. Results Before treatment，clinical symptom scores，grade of endoscopic mucosa，SAS scores and SDS scores，SF⁃36 scale，esophageal sphincter pressure，stand reflux time ratio，decubitus reflux time ratio，total reflux ratio and the serum levels of growth hormone releasing peptide（ghre⁃ lin），leptin，pepsinogen Ⅰ（PG Ⅰ）were no statistical differences（P > 0.05）between the two groups，after treat⁃ ment，clinical symptom scores，grade of endoscopic mucosa，SAS scores，SDS scores，stand reflux time ratio， decubitus reflux time ratio，total reflux ratio and the levels of leptin，PG I decreased（P < 0.05），SF⁃36 scale， esophageal sphincter pressure，ghrelin level increased（P < 0.05）in the two groups，but the improvement of the above indexes of treatment group were better than the control group（P < 0.05）. The total effective rate of treatment in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group（91.78% vs. 79.45%，P < 0.05）. Clinical symptom score and endoscopic mucosal grade after tandospireone treatment were positively correlated with SAS score and SDS score after treatment（P < 0.05）. In the treatment process，both groups had individual cases of dizziness， fatigue and other minor adverse reactions，which did not affect the treatment.After six months of follow⁃up，the recurrence rate in the treatment group［43.3%（29/67）］was lower than that in the control group［77.6%（45/58）］ （P < 0.05）. Conclusion Compared with the double dose of esomeprazole combined with mosabil，the double dose of esomeprazole combined with mosapride combined with tandospirone was more effective in the treatment of rGERD.

Objective To compare the classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus（SLE）by the European League Against Rheumatism/American College of Rheumatology ⁃ 2019（EULAR/ACR ⁃2019），the International Cooperative Clinical Organization ⁃2012（SLICC ⁃2012）and the American College of Rheumatology ⁃ 1997（ACR⁃1997）and evaluate the diagnostic values of the three classification criteria in combination with practical diagnosis of clinical cases. Methods A total of 73 cases diagnosed with SLE in the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University from January 2014 to December 2019 were enrolled as the SLE goup，and another group of 82 cases diagnosed with other connective histdiseases were assigned as the control group. The data from various clinical indica⁃ tors and immunological indicators were collected and analyzed in terms of the differences in sensitivity，specificity and area under ROC curve between the three SLE classification criteria. Results There were significant differences in the sensitivity and specificity between EULAR/ACR-2019,SLICC-2012 and ACR-1997,respectively(95.89% vs. 98.63% vs. 73.97%；92.68% vs. 84.15% vs. 98.78%). The sensitivity of ACR⁃1997 was the lowest,and the speci⁃ ficity of SLICC⁃2012 was the lowest(P<0.001).There were significant differences in missed diagnosis rate and misdiagnosis rate between EULAR/ACR⁃2019，SLICC⁃2012 and ACR⁃1997，ACR⁃1997 having the highest missed diagnosis rate and the lowest misdiagnosis rate（P < 0.05）. The areas under the ROC curve（AUC）of EULAR/ACR⁃ 2019，SLICC ⁃2012，and ACR ⁃1997 were 0.943，0.914 and 0.864，respectively，with statistically significant dif⁃ fernces between them（P = 0.0044），but the AUC was not significant between SLICC⁃2012 and EULAR/ACR⁃2019， ACR⁃1997（P > 0.005）. Conclusion The SLE diagnostic value of EULAR/ACR⁃2019 is better than ACR⁃1997 and SLICC⁃2012 has no significant advantage over EULAR/ACR⁃2019 and ACR⁃1997. The combination of EULAR/ACR⁃ 19 with SLICC⁃12 may be more advantegeous in the early diagnosis of SLE and the direction for its treatment.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and short⁃term prognosis of patients with acute kid⁃ ney injury（AKI），and to explorethe risk factors of poor prognosis. Methods We conducted a single center study. Clinical data of AKI patients from January 1，2015 to December 31，2018 were analyzed retrospectively. And the follow⁃up was implemented from the confirmation of AKI to the discharge. Results A total of 2 807 patients with AKI were enrolled in the study. Of the total，7.8% of the patients died；20.4% had no recovery of renal function； 35.9% partial recovery，and 22.1% complete recovery.The rate of AKI stage 1，2，and 3 was 27.0%，21.9%，and 51.1%，respectively. The higher the stage，the higher the fatality rate. Multivariate regression analysis showed that advanced age，ICU admission，cardiac insufficiency，MODS，and shock，acidosis，and non ⁃nephrological inter⁃ ventions were risk factors for all⁃cause death from AKI（all P < 0.05）. In addition，smoking，proteinuria，and respiratory failure are risk factors for the failure of renal function recovery in AKI（all P < 0.05）. Survival analysis showed that patients with nephrology intervention had a lower risk of renal failure than those without（P < 0.001）. Conclusion AKI leads tohigher mortality and lower renal function recovery rate. Important factors affecting AKI short⁃term prognosis include age，ICU admission，cardiac insufficiency，MODS，shock，acidosis，and with nephrology intervention or not. Nnephrology intervention helps improve the poor prognosis.

Objective To study the application value of CAD machine diagnosis system in ultrasound diagnosis of breast cancer. Methods A total of 5 311 patients with breast lesions who underwent breast biopsy or surgical resections in our hospital were enrolled in the study. With the pathological results as the standards，the diagnosis results by physicians′ image reading were compared with the results by CAD machine diagnosis system as well as the results by combined application of the two approaches. Results （1）The area under the ROC curve of the diagnosis results of the doctor′s image reading was 0.837，and the sensitivity，specificity，and accuracy were 91.65%，75.67%，and 81.98%，respectively.（2）The area under the ROC curve of the CAD system diagnosis results was 0.880，and the sensitivity，specificity，and accuracy are 87.41%，88.64%，and 88.16%.（3）The mis⁃ diagnosed cases by the physicians′ image reading and the CAD system were analyzed to adjust the level of some BI⁃RADS classifications. After the adjustment，the area under the ROC curve with the combined application of the two approaches reached 0.957，and the sensitivity，specificity，and accuracy were 96.91%，88.41%，and 91.56%， respectively.（4）There were significant differences in the ROC curves between the three methods（all P < 0.05）. The physicians′ image reading was significantly different in the specificity and accuracy from the combined application of the two methods（P < 0.05）. The CAD system was significantly in the sensitivity from the combined application of the two methods（P < 0.05）. The CAD system was significantly in the specificity from the combined application of the two methods（P < 0.05）. Conclusion Compared with the physicians′ image reading，the CAD machine diagnosis system alone and the combined application of the two methods after optimizing BI⁃RADS classification are both better at the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast cancer.

Objective To study the effect of Bushen Zhuanggu Pill in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures treated with primary vertebroplasty and explore its clinical efficacy and safety in preventing the recollapses of cemented vertebrae. Methods A total of 120 patients hospitalized for primary percutaneous augmentation in our department，were assigned into control group（Group A，n = 60）and experiment group（Group B，n = 60）based on different treatment options. The former was treated with calcium carbonate D3 tablets，calcitriol capsules，and alendronate to prevent osteoporosis after the operation and the latter with Bushen Zhuanggu pills on the basis of treatment for the control group. Both groups were treated continuously for 6 months，followed by sequen⁃ tial treatment for osteoporosis prevention for another 6 months. Radiographic images in the osteolysis zone around the femoral prosthesis were adjudicated concerning the changes in the height of wounded vertebrae at 0，6 and 12 months after treatment. A total of 7 mL of venous blood was collected from each participant at 0，6 and 12 months after treatment for detections of the levels of osteocalcin，β⁃C⁃terminal telopeptide of type I collagen，N⁃terminal propeptide of type I collagen，inflammatory factors interleukin⁃6（IL⁃6），C⁃reactive protein（CRP）and tumor necrosis factor⁃ɑ（TNF⁃ɑ）. Results Totally，117 of the 120 patients completed the follow⁃ups，and 3 missed the follow⁃ups due to reoperation or unknown reasons. The experimental group was better than the control group in delaying the recollapse of cemented vertebrae. Bushen Zhuanggu Pills combined with calcium carbonate D3 tablets， calcitriol capsules，and alendronate to prevent osteoporosis delayed the recollapse of cemented vertebrae after primary percutaneous augmentation for the inhibition mechanism on the formation of osteoclasts by way of activating inflammatory factors such as IL⁃6，CRP，TNF⁃ɑ and ultimately delaying the recollapse of cemented vertebrae.Conclusion Bushen Zhuanggu Pill has a good clinical effect in preventing the recollapse of cemented vertebrae after primary percutaneous augmentation in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. 

Airway remodeling is a complex irreversible progressive structural change，and there are many factors affecting airway remodeling. IL⁃17A is one of the risk factors for airway remodeling. IL⁃17A is a cytokine secreted by Th17 cells with pro⁃inflammatory and pro⁃fibrotic functions. Autophagy defects exist in airway remodeling characterized by airway fibrosis，and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway is involved in autophagy regulation. Therefore，the paper discusses the research progress of IL⁃17A in airway remodeling from the aspects of airway inflammation，airway epithelial mesenchymal transformation，airway structural cells and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. 

In this article，we summarize the roles of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells（PNECs）and type 2 innate lymphoid cells（ILC2s）in bronchial asthma，by understanding the structural and functional characteristics of PNEC and ILC2. PNECs are specifically differentiated airway epithelial cells innervated by nerves. In recent years， increasing experimental evidence has shown that PNEC is in contact with sensory nerve fibers，and carries membrane receptors sensitive to various stimuli such as hypoxia and nicotine. PNECs can synthesize，storage and release of a variety of peptide hormones and other bioactive substances. These bioactive substances can directly or indirectly affect the physiological function of lung tissue and activate the downstream ILC2s，which further magnates the lung Th2 immune inflammation in asthma. In this paper，we clarified the possible regulatory role of PNEC⁃ILC2 neuroim⁃ mune pathway in asthma. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）is effective in the treatment of asthma，and TCM is mostly carried out from multiple components and multiple targets. Whether TCM plays a role in regulating the PNEC⁃ ILC2 neuroimmune module pathway is still unclear. This article attempts to provide new ideas for clinical treatment of asthma，especially psychological stress asthma，based on the relationship between PNEC⁃ILC2 and asthma and TCM.

In this article，we summarize the roles of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells（PNECs）and type 2 innate lymphoid cells（ILC2s）in bronchial asthma，by understanding the structural and functional characteristics of PNEC and ILC2. PNECs are specifically differentiated airway epithelial cells innervated by nerves. In recent years， increasing experimental evidence has shown that PNEC is in contact with sensory nerve fibers，and carries membrane receptors sensitive to various stimuli such as hypoxia and nicotine. PNECs can synthesize，storage and release of a variety of peptide hormones and other bioactive substances. These bioactive substances can directly or indirectly affect the physiological function of lung tissue and activate the downstream ILC2s，which further magnates the lung Th2 immune inflammation in asthma. In this paper，we clarified the possible regulatory role of PNEC⁃ILC2 neuroim⁃ mune pathway in asthma. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）is effective in the treatment of asthma，and TCM is mostly carried out from multiple components and multiple targets. Whether TCM plays a role in regulating the PNEC⁃ ILC2 neuroimmune module pathway is still unclear. This article attempts to provide new ideas for clinical treatment of asthma，especially psychological stress asthma，based on the relationship between PNEC⁃ILC2 and asthma and TCM.