收稿日期: 2025-02-06
网络出版日期: 2025-07-29
基金资助
广东省科技计划项目(2021B1212030003);广东省科技计划项目(2020B1111170014)
Research advances and challenges in tuberculosis⁃associated extracellular vesicle biomarkers
Received date: 2025-02-06
Online published: 2025-07-29
结核病仍是全球公共健康的重要威胁之一，其早期诊断和有效治疗一直是研究的重点。然而，传统的结核病病原学诊断方法存在阳性率较低、检测周期较长等局限性，尽管分子诊断技术具备高灵敏度，但其高度依赖于痰液样本，因此难以从根本上解决结核病诊断的难题，在结核病临床实践中，开发不依赖于痰液样本的新技术手段已成为当前亟待攻克的关键任务。近年来，细胞外囊泡作为一种新兴的生物标志物，在肿瘤、感染性疾病及其他重大疾病中表现出巨大潜力，大量研究也表明其在结核病领域中同样具有探索价值。该文深入探讨了细胞外囊泡的生物学特性及其在结核病感染机制中的角色，系统归纳了结核细胞外囊泡作为生物标志物在结核病诊断、治疗监测及疾病机理探索等层面的研究进展与潜在价值，并对其所面临的挑战与发展前景予以分析，旨在为相关领域的科研人员与临床工作者提供新的思路。
赖静文 , 赵雨川 , 巫株华 , 陈珣珣 , 彭柯浩 , 陈喻晖 , 魏然 , 赖晓宇 , 王静宇 . 结核细胞外囊泡生物标志物研究新进展与挑战[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025 , 41(14) : 2278 -2284 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.14.023
Tuberculosis remains a significant global public health threat. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial to combat this disease. Yet， traditional diagnostic methods for tuberculosis face limitations due to their low sensitivity， extended detection periods， and dependence on sputum samples. Molecular diagnostic techniques， while offering higher sensitivity， still primarily rely on sputum samples， thereby impeding significant advancements in tuberculosis diagnosis. In clinical settings， there exists a pressing demand for diagnostic approaches that are not solely reliant on sputum samples. In recent years， extracellular vesicles （EVs）， as emerging biomarkers， have demonstrated substantial potential in various diseases， including tumors and infectious diseases. A multitude of studies indicate that EVs also exhibit potential in the field of tuberculosis. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the biological characteristics of EVs and their role in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis. It systematically summarizes the progress and significance of EV-based biomarkers in tuberculosis diagnosis， treatment monitoring， and disease mechanism exploration， while addressing the challenges and future prospects in this field. The aim is to offer valuable insights and up-to-date research findings to researchers and clinicians engaged in tuberculosis-related studies.
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