收稿日期: 2024-12-03
网络出版日期: 2025-03-31
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(82360240);美捷登青年科学家研究基金项目(MJR202309105);遵义医科大学珠海校区创新团队课题(ZHTD2024-1)
Research progress of polyglutamine extension in neurodegenerative diseases
Received date: 2024-12-03
Online published: 2025-03-31
多聚谷氨酰胺 (polyglutamine, PolyQ)扩展是由重复的胞嘧啶-腺嘌呤-鸟嘌呤(cytosine-adenine-guanine, CAG)序列编码的谷氨酰胺扩展,是多种神经退行性疾病的重要致病机制之一。异常PolyQ扩展会导致蛋白质异常折叠和聚集,从而引起蛋白质降解系统紊乱、线粒体功能障碍以及内质网应激,最终造成神经元损伤和死亡。该文综述了PolyQ扩展对蛋白质结构、功能及基因表达的影响,重点探讨其在神经退行性疾病中的作用机制。此外,该文总结了这些神经退行性疾病当前的治疗研究进展,包括基因治疗、反义寡核苷酸疗法以及干细胞治疗等新兴疗法,并展望了精准医疗和基因编辑技术在未来治疗中的应用前景。
毛莹 . 多聚谷氨酰胺延伸在神经退行性疾病中的研究进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025 , 41(6) : 773 -780 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.06.001
Polyglutamine (PolyQ) expansion, encoded by repetitive cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) sequences, is a key pathogenic mechanism in various neurodegenerative diseases. Abnormal PolyQ expansion leads to protein misfolding and aggregation, resulting in disruptions of the protein degradation system, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, ultimately causing neuronal damage and death. This review examines the impact of PolyQ expansion on protein structure, function, and gene expression, with a focus on its role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, it summarizes current therapeutic research progress in these diseases, including emerging approaches such as gene therapy, antisense oligonucleotide therapy, and stem cell therapy. Additionally, it explores the future potential of precision medicine and gene editing technologies in treatment applications.
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