实用医学杂志 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (6): 773-780.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.06.001

• 临床新进展 •    

多聚谷氨酰胺延伸在神经退行性疾病中的研究进展

毛莹   

  1. 遵义医科大学珠海校区基础教学部人体解剖学与组织胚胎学教研室 (广东 珠海 519041 )
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-03 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-31
  • 作者简介:毛莹,医学博士,主治医师,硕士研究生导师。博士毕业于日本东京医科齿科大学,主要研究方向为神经退行性疾病。多年来一直致力于神经退行性疾病的研究工作,共发表相关SCI论文6篇,其中以第一/共一作者发表3篇,相关论文成果被选入第39届日本神经科学大会、中华医学会神经病学分会第十二届全国神经重症学术会议、中华医学会第二十四次全国神经病学学术会议,分别受邀做大会汇报并收录入论文汇编。发表论文于包括《Nature Communications》、《Cell Death & Disease》、《Human Molecular Genetics》、《Journal of the Neurological Sciences》、《Scientific Reports》、《Experimental Neurology》。现主持国家自然科学基金1项。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(82360240);美捷登青年科学家研究基金项目(MJR202309105);遵义医科大学珠海校区创新团队课题(ZHTD2024-1)

Research progress of polyglutamine extension in neurodegenerative diseases

Ying. MAO   

  1. Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology,Department of Basic Education,Zhuhai Campus,Zunyi Medical University,Zhuhai 519041,Guangdong,China
  • Received:2024-12-03 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-31

摘要:

多聚谷氨酰胺 (polyglutamine, PolyQ)扩展是由重复的胞嘧啶-腺嘌呤-鸟嘌呤(cytosine-adenine-guanine, CAG)序列编码的谷氨酰胺扩展,是多种神经退行性疾病的重要致病机制之一。异常PolyQ扩展会导致蛋白质异常折叠和聚集,从而引起蛋白质降解系统紊乱、线粒体功能障碍以及内质网应激,最终造成神经元损伤和死亡。该文综述了PolyQ扩展对蛋白质结构、功能及基因表达的影响,重点探讨其在神经退行性疾病中的作用机制。此外,该文总结了这些神经退行性疾病当前的治疗研究进展,包括基因治疗、反义寡核苷酸疗法以及干细胞治疗等新兴疗法,并展望了精准医疗和基因编辑技术在未来治疗中的应用前景。

关键词: 多聚谷氨酰胺, 神经退行性疾病, 亨廷顿舞蹈症, 脊髓小脑性共济失调, 脊髓延髓肌萎缩

Abstract:

Polyglutamine (PolyQ) expansion, encoded by repetitive cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) sequences, is a key pathogenic mechanism in various neurodegenerative diseases. Abnormal PolyQ expansion leads to protein misfolding and aggregation, resulting in disruptions of the protein degradation system, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, ultimately causing neuronal damage and death. This review examines the impact of PolyQ expansion on protein structure, function, and gene expression, with a focus on its role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, it summarizes current therapeutic research progress in these diseases, including emerging approaches such as gene therapy, antisense oligonucleotide therapy, and stem cell therapy. Additionally, it explores the future potential of precision medicine and gene editing technologies in treatment applications.

Key words: polyglutamine, neurodegenerative diseases, Huntington's disease, spinocerebellar ataxia, spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy

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