实用医学杂志 ›› 2024, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 585-590.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2024.04.026
• 综述 • 上一篇
收稿日期:
2023-10-20
出版日期:
2024-02-25
发布日期:
2024-03-08
通讯作者:
林荣海
E-mail:tylinrh@163.com
基金资助:
Hanzhi DAI1,Sheng ZHANG2,Ronghai. LIN3()
Received:
2023-10-20
Online:
2024-02-25
Published:
2024-03-08
Contact:
Ronghai. LIN
E-mail:tylinrh@163.com
摘要:
在ICU中,危重症患者的营养状况与预后密切相关,38% ~ 78%的危重症患者出现了营养不良。推荐对危重症患者进行个体化定制医学营养治疗以改善预后。营养治疗包括肠内营养及肠外营养,肠内营养可通过鼻胃管进行幽门前喂养,操作简单,普遍适用,或通过鼻空肠管进行幽门后喂养,可减少反流误吸风险;肠外营养可通过建立外周静脉通路或中心静脉通路进行喂养,外周静脉通路易于施行,而中心静脉通路可允许高渗透压的营养液。营养治疗途径如何选择,除考虑患者病情外,还需考虑启动时机、能否满足营养需求、喂养相关并发症等问题,目前指南尚未达成统一,研究尚存争议。本文就营养途径相关问题进行综述,以期给临床提供参考。
中图分类号:
戴罕之,张胜,林荣海. 危重症患者营养治疗途径的研究进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(4): 585-590.
Hanzhi DAI,Sheng ZHANG,Ronghai. LIN. The latest developments in nutritional therapy pathways for patients in critical condition[J]. The Journal of Practical Medicine, 2024, 40(4): 585-590.
1 |
GOMES F, BAUMGARTNER A, BOUNOURE L, et al. Association of Nutritional Support With Clinical Outcomes Among Medical Inpatients Who Are Malnourished or at Nutritional Risk: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J]. JAMA Network Open, 2019, 2(11): e1915138. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.15138
doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.15138 |
2 |
LEW C C H, YANDELL R, FRASER R J L, et al. Association Between Malnutrition and Clinical Outcomes in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review [Formula: see text][J]. JPEN, 2017, 41(5): 744-758. doi:10.1177/0148607115625638
doi: 10.1177/0148607115625638 |
3 |
FENG X, LIU Z, HE X, et al. Risk of Malnutrition in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis[J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(24): 5267. doi:10.3390/nu14245267
doi: 10.3390/nu14245267 |
4 |
JAVID Z, SHADNOUSH M, KHADEM-REZAIYAN M, et al. Nutritional adequacy in critically ill patients: Result of PNSI study[J]. Clin Nutrit (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2021, 40(2): 511-517. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.047
doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.05.047 |
5 |
STOPPE C, DRESEN E, WENDT S, et al. Current practices in nutrition therapy in cardiac surgery patients: An international multicenter observational study[J]. JPEN, 2023, 47(5): 604-613. doi:10.1002/jpen.2495
doi: 10.1002/jpen.2495 |
6 |
CHAPELA S P, MANZANARES W, QUESADA E, et al. Nutrition intake in critically ill patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A nationwide, multicentre, observational study in Argentina[J]. Endocrinol Diab Nutr, 2023, 70(4): 245-254. doi:10.1016/j.endinu.2022.12.006
doi: 10.1016/j.endinu.2022.12.006 |
7 |
SOLANA M J, MANRIQUE G, FERNÁNDEZ R, et al. Nutritional status and nutrition support in critically ill children in Spain: Results of a multicentric study[J]. Nutrition, 2021, 84: 110993. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2020.110993
doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110993 |
8 |
PREISER J C, ICHAI C, ORBAN J C, et al. Metabolic response to the stress of critical illness[J]. Br J Anaesth, 2014, 113(6): 945-954. doi:10.1093/bja/aeu187
doi: 10.1093/bja/aeu187 |
9 |
STUMPF F, KELLER B, GRESSIES C, et al. Inflammation and Nutrition: Friend or Foe?[J]. Nutrients, 2023, 15(5): 1159. doi:10.3390/nu15051159
doi: 10.3390/nu15051159 |
10 |
HUET O, DUPIC L, BATTEUX F, et al. Postresuscitation syndrome: potential role of hydroxyl radical-induced endothelial cell damage[J]. Crit Care Med, 2011, 39(7): 1712-1720. doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182186d42
doi: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e3182186d42 |
11 |
GREEN P, THEILLA M, SINGER P. Lipid metabolism in critical illness[J]. Curr Opinion Clin Nutrit Metabol Care, 2016, 19(2): 111-115. doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000253
doi: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000253 |
12 |
KANOVA M, KOHOUT P. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness and Sarcopenia[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2022, 23(15): 8396. doi:10.3390/ijms23158396
doi: 10.3390/ijms23158396 |
13 |
EGGMANN S, LUDER G, VERRA M L, et al. Functional ability and quality of life in critical illness survivors with intensive care unit acquired weakness: A secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial[J]. PloS One, 2020, 15(3): e0229725. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0229725
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229725 |
14 |
STUPAK D P, ABDELSAYED G G, SOLOWAY G N. Motility disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract in the intensive care unit: pathophysiology and contemporary management[J]. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2012, 46(6): 449-456. doi:10.1097/mcg.0b013e31824e14c1
doi: 10.1097/mcg.0b013e31824e14c1 |
15 |
REINTAM BLASER A, MALBRAIN M L N G, STARKOPF J, et al. Gastrointestinal function in intensive care patients: terminology, definitions and management. Recommendations of the ESICM Working Group on Abdominal Problems[J]. Intens Care Med, 2012, 38(3): 384-394. doi:10.1007/s00134-011-2459-y
doi: 10.1007/s00134-011-2459-y |
16 |
HU B, SUN R, WU A, et al. Severity of acute gastrointestinal injury grade is a predictor of all-cause mortality in critically ill patients: a multicenter, prospective, observational study[J]. Crit Care (London, England), 2017, 21(1): 188. doi:10.1186/s13054-017-1780-4
doi: 10.1186/s13054-017-1780-4 |
17 |
BOURCIER S, ULMANN G, JAMME M, et al. A multicentric prospective observational study of diagnosis and prognosis features in ICU mesenteric ischemia: the DIAGOMI study[J/OL]. Ann Intens Care, 2022, 12(1): 113. doi:10.1186/s13613-022-01092-8
doi: 10.1186/s13613-022-01092-8 |
18 |
ZHOU X, LIAO Y. Gut-Lung Crosstalk in Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury[J]. Front Microbiol, 2021, 12: 779620.. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.779620
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.779620 |
19 |
HABES Q L M, VAN EDE L, GERRETSEN J, et al. Norepinephrine Contributes to Enterocyte Damage in Septic Shock Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study[J]. Shock, 2018, 49(2): 137-143. doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000000955
doi: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000955 |
20 |
PITON G, CYPRIANI B, REGNARD J, et al. Catecholamine use is associated with enterocyte damage in critically ill patients[J]. Shock (Augusta, Ga.), 2015, 43(5): 437-442. doi:10.1097/shk.0000000000000327
doi: 10.1097/shk.0000000000000327 |
21 |
YANG X J, LIU D, REN H Y, et al. Effects of sepsis and its treatment measures on intestinal flora structure in critical care patients[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2021, 27(19): 2376-2393. doi:10.3748/wjg.v27.i19.2376
doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i19.2376 |
22 |
GE X, DING C, ZHAO W, et al. Antibiotics-induced depletion of mice microbiota induces changes in host serotonin biosynthesis and intestinal motility[J]. J Translat Med, 2017, 15(1): 13. doi:10.1186/s12967-016-1105-4
doi: 10.1186/s12967-016-1105-4 |
23 |
MA T, XUE X, TIAN H, et al. Effect of the gut microbiota and their metabolites on postoperative intestinal motility and its underlying mechanisms[J]. J Translat Med, 2023, 21(1): 349. doi:10.1186/s12967-023-04215-2
doi: 10.1186/s12967-023-04215-2 |
24 |
YAN Y, CHEN Y, ZHANG X. The effect of opioids on gastrointestinal function in the ICU[J]. Crit Care (London, England), 2021, 25(1): 370. doi:10.1186/s13054-021-03793-1
doi: 10.1186/s13054-021-03793-1 |
25 |
RUEDA-RUZAFA L, CRUZ F, CARDONA D, et al. Opioid system influences gut-brain axis: Dysbiosis and related alterations[J]. Pharmacol Res, 2020, 159: 104928. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104928
doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104928 |
26 |
HOFFMANN M, SCHWARZ C M, FÜRST S, et al. Risks in Management of Enteral Nutrition in Intensive Care Units: A Literature Review and Narrative Synthesis[J]. Nutrients, 2020, 13(1): 82. doi:10.3390/nu13010082
doi: 10.3390/nu13010082 |
27 |
DRESEN E, NOTZ Q, MENGER J, et al. What the clinician needs to know about medical nutrition therapy in critically ill patients in 2023: A narrative review[J/OL]. Nutrit Clin Pract, 2023, 38(3): 479-498. doi:10.1002/ncp.10984
doi: 10.1002/ncp.10984 |
28 | Chinese Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition(CSPEN) [Guideline for clinical application of parenteral and enteral nutrition in adults patients in China (2023 edition)][J]. Zhonghua Yi Xuxue Za Zhi, 2023, 103(13):946-974. |
29 |
PATEL J J, RICE T, HEYLAND D K. Safety and Outcomes of Early Enteral Nutrition in Circulatory Shock[J]. JPEN, 2020, 44(5): 779-784. doi:10.1002/jpen.1793
doi: 10.1002/jpen.1793 |
30 |
QUIROZ-OLGUÍN G, GUTIÉRREZ-SALMEÁN G, POSADAS-CALLEJA J G, et al. The effect of enteral stimulation on the immune response of the intestinal mucosa and its application in nutritional support[J/OL]. Euro J Clin Nutrit, 2021, 75(11): 1533-1539. doi:10.1038/s41430-021-00877-7
doi: 10.1038/s41430-021-00877-7 |
31 |
HUI L, ZANG K, WANG M, et al. Comparison of the Preference of Nutritional Support for Patients With Severe Acute Pancreatitis[J]. Gastroenterol Nurs, 2019, 42(5): 411-416. doi:10.1097/sga.0000000000000331
doi: 10.1097/sga.0000000000000331 |
32 |
WU T, RAYNER C K, YOUNG R L, et al. Gut motility and enteroendocrine secretion[J]. Curr Opin Pharmacol, 2013, 13(6): 928-934. doi:10.1016/j.coph.2013.09.002
doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.09.002 |
33 |
LIU M, GAO C. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of total parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition on the prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis[J]. Ann Palliat Med, 2021, 10(10): 10779-10788. doi:10.21037/apm-21-2469
doi: 10.21037/apm-21-2469 |
34 |
DOLEY J. Enteral Nutrition Overview[J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(11): 2180. doi:10.3390/nu14112180
doi: 10.3390/nu14112180 |
35 |
TAYLOR B E, MCCLAVE S A, MARTINDALE R G, et al. Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient: Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.)[J]. Crit Care Med, 2016, 44(2): 390-438. doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000001525
doi: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001525 |
36 |
SINGER P, BLASER A R, BERGER M M, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in the intensive care unit[J]. Clin Nutrit (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2019, 38(1): 48-79. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.037
doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.08.037 |
37 |
PARDO E, LESCOT T, PREISER J C, et al. Association between early nutrition support and 28-day mortality in critically ill patients: the FRANS prospective nutrition cohort study[J/OL]. Crit Care (London, England), 2023, 27(1): 7. doi:10.1186/s13054-022-04298-1
doi: 10.1186/s13054-022-04298-1 |
38 |
王晓通, 孔凡彪, 李雷, 等. 肠内营养时机对消化道瘘急诊手术患者术后恢复的影响[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2020, 36(20): 2871-2875. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2020.20.026
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2020.20.026 |
39 |
BAIU I, SPAIN D A. Enteral Nutrition[J]. JAMA, 2019, 321(20): 2040. doi:10.1001/jama.2019.4407
doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.4407 |
40 |
LEDEBOER M, MASCLEE A A, BIEMOND I, et al. Effect of intragastric or intraduodenal administration of a polymeric diet on gallbladder motility, small-bowel transit time, and hormone release[J/OL]. Am J Gastroenterol, 1998, 93(11): 2089-2096. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00599.x
doi: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.1998.00599.x |
41 | 赛航. 鼻空肠管和鼻胃管肠内营养对危重症患者胃泌素分泌的比较[D]. 广州:暨南大学, 2013. |
42 |
LUTTIKHOLD J, VAN NORREN K, RIJNA H, et al. Jejunal feeding is followed by a greater rise in plasma cholecystokinin, peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide 1, and glucagon-like peptide 2 concentrations compared with gastric feeding in vivo in humans: a randomized trial[J]. Am J Clin Nutrit, 2016, 103(2): 435-443. doi:10.3945/ajcn.115.116251
doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.116251 |
43 |
LIU Y, WANG Y, ZHANG B, et al. Gastric-tube versus post-pyloric feeding in critical patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of pulmonary aspiration- and nutrition-related outcomes[J]. Euro J Clin Nutri, 2021, 75(9): 1337-1348. doi:10.1038/s41430-021-00860-2
doi: 10.1038/s41430-021-00860-2 |
44 |
DAVIES A R, MORRISON S S, BAILEY M J, et al. A multicenter, randomized controlled trial comparing early nasojejunal with nasogastric nutrition in critical illness[J]. Crit Care Med, 2012, 40(8): 2342-2348. doi:10.1097/ccm.0b013e318255d87e
doi: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e318255d87e |
45 |
VINER SMITH E, RIDLEY E J, RAYNER C K, et al. Nutrition Management for Critically Ill Adult Patients Requiring Non-Invasive Ventilation: A Scoping Review[J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(7): 1446. doi:10.3390/nu14071446
doi: 10.3390/nu14071446 |
46 |
DUTTA A K, GOEL A, KIRUBAKARAN R, et al. Nasogastric versus nasojejunal tube feeding for severe acute pancreatitis[J]. Cochr Datab System Rev, 2020, 3: CD010582. doi:10.1002/14651858.cd010582.pub2
doi: 10.1002/14651858.cd010582.pub2 |
47 |
JABŁOŃSKA B, MROWIEC S. Nutritional Support in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis-Current Standards[J]. Nutrients, 2021, 13(5): 1498. doi:10.3390/nu13051498
doi: 10.3390/nu13051498 |
48 |
BERLANA D. Parenteral Nutrition Overview[J]. Nutrients, 2022, 14(21): 4480. doi:10.3390/nu14214480
doi: 10.3390/nu14214480 |
49 |
RAMANATHAN M, AADAM A A. Nutrition Management in Acute Pancreatitis[J]. Nutrit Clin Pract, 2019, 34(): S7-S12. doi:10.1002/ncp.10386
doi: 10.1002/ncp.10386 |
50 |
WANG P, SUN H, MAITIABULA G, et al. Total parenteral nutrition impairs glucose metabolism by modifying the gut microbiome[J/OL]. Nature Metabolism, 2023, 5(2): 331-348. doi:10.1038/s42255-023-00744-8
doi: 10.1038/s42255-023-00744-8 |
51 |
HENEGHAN A F, PIERRE J F, KUDSK K A. IL-25 improves IgA levels during parenteral nutrition through the JAK-STAT pathway[J]. Ann Surg, 2013, 258(6): 1065-1071. doi:10.1097/sla.0b013e318277ea9e
doi: 10.1097/sla.0b013e318277ea9e |
52 |
ELKE G, HARTL W H, KREYMANN K G, et al. Clinical Nutrition in Critical Care Medicine-Guideline of the German Society for Nutritional Medicine (DGEM)[J]. Clin Nutrit ESPEN, 2019, 33: 220-275. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.05.002
doi: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2019.05.002 |
53 |
COMPHER C, BINGHAM A L, MCCALL M, et al. Guidelines for the provision of nutrition support therapy in the adult critically ill patient: The American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition[J]. JPEN J Parent Enter Nutrit, 2022, 46(1): 12-41. doi:10.1002/jpen.2267
doi: 10.1002/jpen.2267 |
54 | EVANS L, RHODES A, ALHAZZANI W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021[J]. Intens Care Med, 2021, 47(11): 1181-1247. |
55 |
HARTMAN C, SHAMIR R, SIMCHOWITZ V, et al. ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guidelines on pediatric parenteral nutrition: Complications[J]. Clini Nutrit (Edinburgh, Scotland), 2018, 37(6 Pt B): 2418-2429. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.956
doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2018.06.956 |
56 |
BOULLATA J I, GILBERT K, SACKS G, et al. A.S.P.E.N. clinical guidelines: parenteral nutrition ordering, order review, compounding, labeling, and dispensing[J/OL]. J Parent Ent Nutr, 2014, 38(3): 334-377. doi:10.1177/0148607114521833
doi: 10.1177/0148607114521833 |
57 |
MARSH N, WEBSTER J, ULLMAN A J, et al. Peripheral intravenous catheter non-infectious complications in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Advan Nurs, 2020, 76(12): 3346-3362. doi:10.1111/jan.14565
doi: 10.1111/jan.14565 |
58 |
LU H, YANG Q, TIAN B, et al. A meta-analysis of the comparison of phlebitis between midline catheters and peripherally inserted central catheters in infusion therapy[J]. Int J Nurs Pract, 2022, 28(2): e12976. doi:10.1111/ijn.12976
doi: 10.1111/ijn.12976 |
59 |
URTECHO M, TORRES ROLDAN V D, NAYFEH T, et al. Comparing Complication Rates of Midline Catheter vs Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis[J]. Open Forum Infect Dis, 2023, 10(2): ofad024. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofad024
doi: 10.1093/ofid/ofad024 |
60 |
SANTOS F K Y, FLUMIGNAN R L G, AREIAS L L, et al. Peripherally inserted central catheter versus central venous catheter for intravenous access: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis[J/OL]. Medicine, 2020, 99(30): e20352. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000020352
doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000020352 |
61 |
PITIRIGA V, KANELLOPOULOS P, BAKALIS I, et al. Central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection and colonization: the impact of insertion site and distribution of multidrug-resistant pathogens[J]. Antimicro Resist Infect Control, 2020, 9(1): 189. doi:10.1186/s13756-020-00851-1
doi: 10.1186/s13756-020-00851-1 |
62 |
PITIRIGA V, BAKALIS J, THEODORIDOU K, et al. Lower risk of bloodstream infections for peripherally inserted central catheters compared to central venous catheters in critically ill patients[J]. Antimicro Resist Infect Control, 2022, 11(1): 137. doi:10.1186/s13756-022-01180-1
doi: 10.1186/s13756-022-01180-1 |
63 |
LAFUENTE CABRERO E, TERRADAS ROBLEDO R, CIVIT CUÑADO A, et al. Risk factors of catheter- associated bloodstream infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. PLoS One, 2023, 18(3): e0282290. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0282290
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282290 |
64 |
MILLINGTON S J, COLVIN M O, SHILOH A L, et al. How I Do It: Ultrasound-Guided Internal Jugular and Femoral Central Venous Catheter Insertion[J]. Chest, 2020, 158(6): 2425-2430. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.026
doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.06.026 |
65 |
SUN H, BI J, LEI Q, et al. Partial enteral nutrition increases intestinal sIgA levels in mice undergoing parenteral nutrition in a dose-dependent manner[J]. Int J Surg (London, England), 2018, 49: 74-79. doi:10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.12.011
doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.12.011 |
66 |
QIN Y, LIU M, GUO F, et al. The Efficacy of Parenteral Nutrition and Enteral Nutrition Supports in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systemic Review and Network Meta-Analysis[J]. Emerg Med Int, 2023, 2023: 8867614. doi:10.1155/2023/8867614
doi: 10.1155/2023/8867614 |
67 |
LUO Y, QIAN Y. Effect of combined parenteral and enteral nutrition for patients with a critical illness: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J]. Medicine, 2020, 99(3): e18778. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000018778
doi: 10.1097/md.0000000000018778 |
[1] | 郭亮,贾明选,马文杰,乔鸿飞,徐永胜,郭克锋. 术前肠内营养支持联合改良Ivor-Lewis手术治疗食管癌对肺功能及外周血GATA3、Foxp3 mRNA表达的影响[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(21): 3031-3035. |
[2] | 郭骥,卞茂红,曹发明. 血栓弹力图在指导发热伴血小板减少综合征危重症患者血小板输注中的应用[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(19): 2703-2707. |
[3] | 王晶晶,王巍东,王梦雨,张清琴,康小红. 预后营养指数与尿素/肌酐比值在食管癌放化疗患者营养状态评估中的应用[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(14): 1957-1962. |
[4] | 杨晓, 张欢, 张朝晖 杨细飞, . 地夫可特改善杜氏肌营养不良症小鼠运动能力及减轻肌肉炎症损伤 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2023, 39(13): 1614-1619. |
[5] | 陈乐 邱依聆 江燕萍 . ECMO在危急重症心脏病孕产妇救治中的应用体会 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2022, 38(24): 3135-3140. |
[6] | 李云婷 李芬 邢柏 . 机械通气老年脓毒症患者并发重症监护病房获得性衰弱的风险因素分析及mNUTRIC评分的早期预测价值 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2022, 38(20): 2568-2573. |
[7] | 刘莹 谭寅凤 王雷 王玉娇 陈锡颖 赵艳金 祁薇 张迎 何抒阳. 营养风险筛查结合患者主观整体评估与恶性肿瘤肌肉减少症的相关性 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2022, 38(2): 173-178. |
[8] | 臧守华, 张玉坤, 陈军.
低甲氧基果胶应用于重型颅脑损伤患者的临床观察
[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2021, 37(2): 238-242. |
[9] | 李晴. 倾向性评分匹配分析新型冠状病毒肺炎危重症的影响因素 [J]. 实用医学杂志, 2021, 37(13): 1655-1659. |
[10] | 王晓通, 孔凡彪, 李雷, 谢东毅, 麦威. 肠内营养时机对消化道瘘急诊手术患者术后恢复的影响[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2020, 36(20): 2871-2875. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||