Objective To investigate the curative effect of bone grafting and non⁃bone grafting for Sanders type Ⅱ calcaneal fractures during open reduction and internal fixation with calcaneal anatomical plate. Methods A retrospective analysis of 65 patients with Sanders type Ⅱ calcaneal fracture admitted to our hospital from December 2016 to August 2019 were assigned to the bone grafting group（n = 34）and the non⁃bone grafting group（n = 31） according to whether artificial bone was implanted into the cavity left after fracture reduction during the operation. The operation time，intraoperative blood loss，hospitalization stays，postoperative weight⁃bearing time，postoperative complications，and postoperative Maryland foot function scores were compared between the two groups. Results There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in operation time，intraoperative blood loss， and hospitalization stays and postoperative weight ⁃ bearing time（P > 0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in Bohler angle in the first year after surgery，calcaneal height，and Maryland foot function score（P > 0.05）；the incidence of postoperative complications in the non⁃bone grafting group was lower than that of the bone grafting group（P < 0.05）. Conclusions Sanders type Ⅱ calcaneal fracture open reduction and internal fixation with calcaneal anatomical plate could achieve satisfactory results with bone grafting and non ⁃bone grafting，while the latter could reduce the economic burden of patients and postoperative complications，which is worthy of clinical application.