堪萨斯分枝杆菌是临床经常分离到的非结核分枝杆菌菌种之一，常引起肺部和肺外感染以 及全身播散性疾病。由利福平、异烟肼和乙胺丁醇组成的化疗方案是目前治疗堪萨斯分枝杆菌病的一线 方案，治疗效果显著。近年来，随着堪萨斯分枝杆菌感染的不断增多，相应的实验诊断技术不断得到完 善，并且建立了进一步的分型技术。同时，堪萨斯分枝杆菌病治疗药物的耐药机制也逐渐被报道。本文 对堪萨斯分枝杆菌的鉴定技术、主要治疗方案及多种药物的耐药机制予以综述。

Mycobacterium kansasii，an opportunistic pathogen，is one of the most clinical isolated Non⁃tu⁃ berculous mycobacteria（NTM）species. M. kansasii often causes pulmonary and extra ⁃ pulmonary infections，as well as disseminated disease. The first⁃line therapy regimen recommended for M. kansasii consists of rifampin， ethambutol and isoniazid，which has successful treatment rate. In recent years，with the increasing number of infec⁃ tions caused by M. kansasii，experimental diagnostic techniques have been improved and further typing techniques have been established. At the same time，the drug ⁃ resistant mechanisms of the therapeutic drugs of M. kansasii have been reported gradually. Therefore，species identification technology，main treatment regimen，as well as the drug⁃resistant mechanisms of M. kansasii was summarized in this article.