我国作为全球结核病和耐多药结核病高负担国家之一，估算结核分枝杆菌潜伏感染（Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection，LTBI）的人数巨大。及时发现 LTBI 者，有效控制 LTBI 流行而将结核病 消灭在萌芽状态，将是人类实现终结结核病目标面临的重大课题。本文从LTBI 的流行病学、发生与进展、 实验诊断及治疗几方面对近年来的研究进展做简要综述。

As one of the countries with high burden of TB and MDR⁃TB，China has a large number of Latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection（LTBI）. Finding adorable LTBI in time and effectively controlling LTBI epidemic and eradication of tuberculosis will be a major task for mankind to achieve the goal of ending TB. This paper briefly reviews the research progress of LTBI in recent years from the aspects of epidemiology，occur⁃ rence and progress，experimental diagnosis and treatment.