本文通过认识肺神经内分泌细胞（pulmonary neuroendocrine cells，PNECs）和 2 型固有淋巴细 胞（type 2 innate lymphoid cells，ILC2s）的结构和功能特点，归纳总结 PNEC 和 ILC2 在支气管哮喘中的作 用。PNECs 是由神经支配的一种特异性分化的气道上皮细胞，近年来很多的实验证据表明 PNEC 受感觉 神经纤支配，表面可携带对缺氧和尼古丁等多种刺激敏感的膜受体，当受到外界环境变化或者过敏原的 刺激后，可合成、储存和释放多种肽类激素。这些生物活性物质可直接或间接地影响肺组织的生理功能， 并激活下游的 ILC2s，加重哮喘中肺部 T 辅助 2 型细胞（Th2）免疫炎症，明确了 PNEC⁃ILC2 神经免疫通路在 哮喘中可能的调控作用，从而进一步揭示哮喘复杂的作用机制。中医药在治疗哮喘方面疗效显著，且中 医药多从多成分、多靶点进行，中医药是否在调控 PNEC⁃ILC2 神经免疫通路起作用尚无定论，本文试从 PNEC⁃ILC2与哮喘、中医药的关系，拟为临床治疗哮喘，尤其是心理应激哮喘提供新的思路。

In this article，we summarize the roles of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells（PNECs）and type 2 innate lymphoid cells（ILC2s）in bronchial asthma，by understanding the structural and functional characteristics of PNEC and ILC2. PNECs are specifically differentiated airway epithelial cells innervated by nerves. In recent years， increasing experimental evidence has shown that PNEC is in contact with sensory nerve fibers，and carries membrane receptors sensitive to various stimuli such as hypoxia and nicotine. PNECs can synthesize，storage and release of a variety of peptide hormones and other bioactive substances. These bioactive substances can directly or indirectly affect the physiological function of lung tissue and activate the downstream ILC2s，which further magnates the lung Th2 immune inflammation in asthma. In this paper，we clarified the possible regulatory role of PNEC⁃ILC2 neuroim⁃ mune pathway in asthma. Traditional Chinese medicine（TCM）is effective in the treatment of asthma，and TCM is mostly carried out from multiple components and multiple targets. Whether TCM plays a role in regulating the PNEC⁃ ILC2 neuroimmune module pathway is still unclear. This article attempts to provide new ideas for clinical treatment of asthma，especially psychological stress asthma，based on the relationship between PNEC⁃ILC2 and asthma and TCM.