目的 研究 T 细胞免疫应答调控因子 miR⁃155 在 HIV⁃1 感染者 T 细胞中的表达及其与 T 细 胞免疫激活和耗竭的关系。方法 收集 71 例抗病毒治疗有效和 76 例治疗无效的 HIV⁃1 感染者，分选 CD4+和 CD8+T 细胞，提取 RNA 后定量 PCR 检测 miR⁃155 水平，流式细胞术检测 T 细胞激活和耗竭比例。 结果 两组HIV⁃1感染者T细胞miR⁃155水平、激活和耗竭比例均较健康对照显著升高（P < 0.01），且治疗无效组的变化更为明显，显著高于治疗有效组（P < 0.05）。相关性分析显示，HIV⁃1 感染者 T 细胞 miR⁃155 与 免疫激活和耗竭呈正相关（P < 0.01）。结论 HIV⁃1 感染者 T 细胞高表达 miR⁃155，并与 T 细胞激活和耗竭 正相关，可作为一种评估HIV⁃1感染者T细胞功能的生物学指标。

Objective To investigate the expression of miR⁃155，a regulator of T cell immune response，in HIV⁃1 patients′ T cells，as well as its relationship to T cell immune activation and exhaustion. Methods We con⁃ ducted a cross ⁃sectional study with 71 HIV ⁃1 patients who responded well to antiretroviral therapy and 76 patients who did not.CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were isolated and RNA was extracted. MiR⁃155 levels were detected by quantita⁃ tive PCR. Immune activation and exhaustion of T cells were detected by flow cytometry. Results The levels of miR⁃ 155 in T cells，and T cell activation and exhaustion in HIV⁃1 patients were increased compared with healthy controls （P < 0.01），which were much higher in poor responders than in good responders（P < 0.05）. MiR⁃155 was found to be associated with immune activation and T cell exhaustion in HIV⁃1 patients（P < 0.01）. Conclusion Our find⁃ ings suggest that miR⁃155 levels in T cells of HIV⁃1 patients are increased and associated with T cell activation and exhaustion，and that it could be employed as a biomarker to assess T cell activity in HIV⁃1 patients.