缺血性脑卒中是一种全球病死率和致残率极高的疾病，临床上国内外的大多数报道都与脑 血管病变闭塞有关，急需新的治疗手段进行干预。干细胞可以分泌神经营养因子，替换受损的神经元、通 过抑制颅内外炎症反应和抗细胞凋亡发挥神经保护作用，还可释放营养和生长因子等增强内源性修复机 制的物质而起到神经保护及修复的作用，所以移植干细胞治疗缺血性脑卒中有望为这类疾病的治疗提供 新选择。本文现从移植干细胞治疗缺血性脑卒中的作用机制及临床治疗运用、纳米材料在干细胞治疗中 的作用、移植后追踪监测干细胞影像学方法等对干细胞治疗缺血性脑卒中的研究进展做一综述，以供广 大医师在临床中治疗缺血性脑卒患者提供新的治疗选择与方案。

Ischemic stroke is a disease with a high mortality and disability rate. According to most reports at home and abroad，its cause is related to cerebrovascular occlusion，and new treatment is urgently needed for clinical intervention. Stem cells can secrete neurotrophic factors to replace damaged neurons；they can play a neuro⁃ protective effect by inhibiting intracranial and extracranial inflammation and anti ⁃apoptosis. They can also release nutrients and growth factors that enhance endogenous repair mechanisms to protect and repair nerves. Therefore， the use of stem cell transplantation to treat ischemic stroke is expected to become a new option. This article summa⁃ rizes the mechanism of stem cells transplantation in the treatment of ischemic stroke and its clinical application， the role of nanomaterials in stem cell therapy，and post⁃transplantation tracking and monitoring of stem cell imag⁃ ing methods for stem cell treatment of ischemic stroke.