人体肠道内有大量微生物定居，这些微生物组成的肠道菌群在人体的营养代谢、免疫调节等方面发挥了重要作用。近年来研究发现脑卒中引起的肠道菌群及其代谢产物的变化会使卒中结局恶化，而重建肠道菌群则可以改善卒中预后。本文将对卒中后机体的免疫应答过程、卒中后肠道菌群及其代谢产物改变的可能机制以及通过调节肠道菌群及其代谢产物来改善卒中预后的可能免疫途径进行综述，以期为脑卒中治疗提供新方向。

A large number of microbes reside in the human gut，and they comprise intestinal floras. These intestinal floras play an important role in human nutrition metabolism，and immune regulation. Recent studies have found that the changes in intestinal floras and their metabolites caused by stroke can worsen the outcome of stroke and the reconstruction of intestinal floras can improve the prognosis of stroke. This paper is to review the immune response after stroke，the possible mechanisms of post⁃stroke changes in intestinal floras and their metabolites，and the possible immune mechanisms to improve the prognosis of stroke by regulating intestinal floras and their metabo⁃ lites in order to provide a new direction for stroke treatment.