收稿日期: 2026-04-14
修回日期: 2026-06-21
录用日期: 2026-06-22
网络出版日期: 2026-08-13
基金资助
国家中医药管理局全国名老中医药专家传承工作建设项目(国中医药人教发〔2010〕59号);甘肃中医药大学联合科研基金项目(HXLH-XTCX32)
Research progress on mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating ulcerative colitis based on the gut microbiota-short-chain fatty acid axis
Received date: 2026-04-14
Revised date: 2026-06-21
Accepted date: 2026-06-22
Online published: 2026-08-13
肠道微生物群-短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs)轴紊乱是溃疡性结肠炎(ulcerative colitis,UC)发生发展的关键微生态机制。SCFAs作为肠道微生物群核心代谢产物,可通过维护肠黏膜屏障、调控免疫炎症反应、重塑微生态平衡及抑制炎症信号通路等参与UC病理过程。中医药具有多成分、多靶点、整体调节的特点,能够调节肠道微生物群结构、富集产SCFAs菌株、提升SCFAs水平,进而发挥肠黏膜保护、抗炎与免疫调节等作用。该文总结中医药调控肠道微生物群-SCFAs轴干预UC作用机制研究进展,探讨现存问题与发展方向,为中医药靶向微生态防治UC提供理论支撑。
关键词: 肠道微生物群-短链脂肪酸; 溃疡性结肠炎; 中医药; 作用机制
康雪莲 , 张博 , 杨鹏斐 . 基于“肠道微生物群-短链脂肪酸”轴的中医药防治溃疡性结肠炎作用机制研究进展[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2026 , 42(15) : 2752 -2760 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2026.15.011
The dysfunction of the gut microbiota-short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) axis serves as a crucial microecological mechanism underlying the onset and progression of ulcerative colitis (UC). As key metabolites of the gut microbiota, SCFAs are involved in the pathological process of UC by maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier, regulating immune and inflammatory responses, restoring microecological homeostasis, and inhibiting inflammatory signaling pathways. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is distinguished by its multi-component, multi-target, and holistic regulatory effects. It can modulate the composition of the gut microbiota, enrich SCFA-producing strains, and increase SCFA levels, thus exerting protective effects on the intestinal mucosa, anti-inflammatory effects, and immunomodulatory effects. The article summarizes the research progress of TCM in intervening in UC through regulating the gut microbiota-SCFA axis, discusses existing problems and future research directions, and offers theoretical evidence for the prevention and treatment of UC with TCM targeting intestinal microecology.
| [1] | YANG L, GAO H, LIU D. Advance on establishment of pathological model of ulcerative colitis[J]. Front Vet Sci, 2025, 12: 1618260. doi:10.3389/fvets.2025.1618260 . |
| [2] | CHE S, QIN B, WU K, et al. EGCG drives gut microbial remodeling-induced epithelial GPR43 activation to lessen Th1 polarization in colitis[J]. Redox Biol, 2024, 75: 103291. doi:10.1016/j.redox.2024.103291 . |
| [3] | WANGCHUK P, YESHI K, LOUKAS A. Ulcerative colitis: Clinical biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and emerging treatments[J]. Trends Pharmacol Sci, 2024, 45(10): 892-903. doi:10. 1016/j.tips.2024.08.003 . |
| [4] | LIU Z, JIANG Z, ZHANG Z, et al. Bacillus coagulans in combination with chitooligosaccharides regulates gut microbiota and ameliorates the DSS-induced colitis in mice[J]. Microbiol Spectr, 2022, 10(4): e00641-e00622. doi:10.1128/spectrum.00641-22 . |
| [5] | LI H, PAN M, LI Y, et al. New targets for the treatment of ulcerative colitis: Gut microbiota and its metabolites[J]. Comput Struct Biotechnol J, 2025, 27: 1850-1863. doi:10.1016/j.csbj. 2025.05.006 . |
| [6] | 纪海静, 刘海燕, 潘颖, 等. 不同疾病活动度溃疡性结肠炎患者肠道菌群变化及其与体液免疫和炎症反应的相关性[J]. 中国微生态学杂志, 2024, 36(7): 821-827. doi:10.13381/j.cnki.cjm.202407013 . |
| [7] | SALVI P S, COWLES R A. Butyrate and the intestinal epithelium: Modulation of proliferation and inflammation in homeostasis and disease[J]. Cells, 2021, 10(7): 1775. doi:10.3390/cells10071775 . |
| [8] | 毛慧芳, 梁永林. 黏质阿克曼菌及其代谢物短链脂肪酸与溃疡性结肠炎肠黏膜屏障的相关性研究[J]. 微生物学报, 2023, 63(4): 1411-1431. doi:10.13343/j.cnki.wsxb.20220657 . |
| [9] | PARK B O, KANG J S, PAUDEL S, et al. Novel GPR43 agonists exert an anti-inflammatory effect in a colitis model[J]. Biomol Ther (Seoul), 2022, 30(1): 48-54. doi:10.4062/biomolther.2021.078 . |
| [10] | SINGH N, GURAV A, SIVAPRAKASAM S, et al. Activation of Gpr109a, receptor for niacin and the commensal metabolite butyrate, suppresses colonic inflammation and carcinogenesis[J]. Immunity, 2014, 40(1): 128-139. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013. 12.007 . |
| [11] | LIN M Y, DE ZOETE M R, VAN PUTTEN J P M, et al. Redirection of epithelial immune responses by short-chain fatty acids through inhibition of histone deacetylases[J]. Front Immunol, 2015, 6: 554. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00554 . |
| [12] | JIN L, GUO F, LIANG J, et al. Dimethyl fumarate alleviated DSS-induced colitis by regulating Th17/Treg balance via suppressing JAK2/STAT3 and NF-κB signaling[J]. Cell Signal, 2026, 143: 112488. doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2026.112488 . |
| [13] | ZENG J, LEI L, ZENG Q, et al. Ozone therapy attenuates NF-κB-mediated local inflammatory response and activation of Th17 cells in treatment for psoriasis[J]. Int J Biol Sci, 2020, 16(11): 1833-1845. doi:10.7150/ijbs.41940 . |
| [14] | 王春敏, 韩桂华, 马淑霞. 短链脂肪酸对肠黏膜屏障的影响[J]. 中国微生态学杂志, 2022, 34(12): 1471-1475. doi:10. 13381/j.cnki.cjm.202212020 . |
| [15] | ZHANG Y, XI Y, YANG C, et al. Short-chain fatty acids attenuate 5-fluorouracil-induced THP-1 cell inflammation through inhibiting NF-κB/NLRP3 signaling via glycerolphospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism[J]. Molecules, 2023, 28(2): 494. doi:10. 3390/molecules28020494 . |
| [16] | 刘槃, 席德双, 黄瑞, 等. 短链脂肪酸通过抑制白细胞介素17A和NF-κB信号通路减轻γδT细胞介导的炎症反应[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2024, 40(8): 1088-1094. doi:10.3969/j.issn. 1006-5725.2024.08.012 . |
| [17] | WU Z, HE J, ZHANG Z, et al. Propionic acid driven by the Lactobacillus johnsonii culture supernatant alleviates colitis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization by modulating the MAPK pathway in mice[J]. J Agric Food Chem, 2023, 71(41): 14951-14966. doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00278 . |
| [18] | 贾雪冰, 周芝兰, 张博枰, 等. 适宜浓度短链脂肪酸混合物对小胶质细胞炎症抑制及机制研究[J]. 生物化学与生物物理进展, 2019, 46(5): 504-512. doi:10.16476/j.pibb.2018.0310 . |
| [19] | BARAKAT H, SAKR S S, ALFHEEAID H A, et al. Oxidative stress–gut microbiome crosstalk: Intestinal redox imbalance and probiotics therapeutic potential[J]. Antioxidants, 2026, 15(5): 533. doi:10.3390/antiox15050533 . |
| [20] | CHEN M, LI Y, ZHAI Z, et al. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A6 ameliorates bone and muscle loss via modulating gut microbiota composition and enhancing butyrate production[J]. Bone Res, 2025, 13: 28. doi:10.1038/s41413-024-00381-1 . |
| [21] | LV J, KONG X, LIU W, et al. Rhodiola crenulata polysaccharide alleviates dextran sulfate sodium-induced ulcerative colitis in mice by repairing the intestinal barrier and regulating the intestinal microecology[J]. Front Pharmacol, 2025, 16: 1519038. doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1519038 . |
| [22] | 宁可. 马齿苋对DSS诱导的溃疡性结肠炎的缓解作用及其机制研究[D]. 长春: 吉林大学, 2024. doi:10.27162/d.cnki.gjlin. 2024.000468 . |
| [23] | 杨倩妮. 刺梨渣果胶类多糖的提取分离、化学修饰及其改善溃疡性结肠炎的构效关系研究[D]. 成都: 成都大学, 2025. |
| [24] | 韩金凤. 兰州百合多糖的体外消化酵解特性及改善溃疡性结肠炎的作用研究[D]. 兰州: 西北师范大学, 2025. |
| [25] | ZHAO M, XIE X, XU B, et al. Paeonol alleviates ulcerative colitis in mice by increasing short-chain fatty acids derived from Clostridium butyricum [J]. Phytomedicine, 2023, 120: 155056. doi:10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155056 . |
| [26] | 邹俊, 李俊杰, 程芳芳, 等. 姜黄素重建肠道微生态环境改善溃疡性结肠炎小鼠机制研究[J]. 浙江临床医学, 2023, 25(8): 1147-1150. |
| [27] | ZHU L, XU L Z, ZHAO S, et al. Protective effect of baicalin on the regulation of Treg/Th17 balance, gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in rats with ulcerative colitis[J]. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 2020, 104(12): 5449-5460. doi:10.1007/s00253-020-10527-w . |
| [28] | 郭春雨, 董红敬, 郭兰萍, 等. 基于Th17/Treg免疫平衡研究黄芩醇提物治疗溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制[J]. 中国新药杂志, 2024, 33(4): 390-399. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-3734.2024. 04.010 . |
| [29] | 黄静, 廖艳花, 莫昕莹, 等. 紫云英苷调节肠道菌群缓解小鼠溃疡性结肠炎的作用机制[J]. 中国药房, 2025, 36(14): 1709-1716. doi: 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.14.04 . |
| [30] | XIAO Y, LI X, FANG Y, et al. Berberine suppresses colon inflammation via integrated modulation of host metabolism, microbial ecology, and innate immune signaling[J]. Theranostics, 2026, 16(4): 2019-2036. doi:10.7150/thno.116546 . |
| [31] | ZHAN X Y, XU R, HU L Z, et al. Indigo Naturalis regulates the gut microbiota to increase SCFAs content and improve ulcerative colitis lesions[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2026, 16: 1772977. doi:10.3389/fcimb.2026.1772977 . |
| [32] | 唐加峰, 王丽娟, 游毅青, 等. 獐牙菜苦苷对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道菌群和短链脂肪酸的影响[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 2025, 37(6): 1012-1019. doi:10.16333/j.1001-6880.2025. 6.003 . |
| [33] | LIU Y, ZHOU M, YANG M, et al. Pulsatilla chinensis saponins ameliorate inflammation and DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in rats by regulating the composition and diversity of intestinal flora[J]. Front Cell Infect Microbiol, 2021, 11: 728929. doi:10.3389/ fcimb.2021.728929 . |
| [34] | 叶丹, 赵依叶, 苗潇磊, 等. 青砖茶提取物缓解小鼠溃疡性结肠炎机制研究[J]. 湖北科技学院学报(医学版), 2024, 38(5): 374-379. doi:10.16751/j.cnki.2095-4646.2024.05.0374 . |
| [35] | GU D, ZHOU S, YAO L, et al. Effects of ShenLing BaiZhu San supplementation on gut microbiota and oxidative stress in rats with ulcerative colitis[J]. Evid Based Complementary Altern Med, 2021, 2021(1): 3960989. doi:10.1155/2021/3960989 . |
| [36] | 姜小艳, 谢伟昌, 周大桥, 等. 理肠汤对脾虚湿困型溃疡性结肠炎患者肠道微生态、代谢产物及炎症因子的影响[J]. 新中医, 2019, 51(2): 142-146. doi:10.13457/j.cnki.jncm.2019. 02.043 . |
| [37] | NIU C, HU X L, YUAN Z W, et al. Pulsatilla decoction improves DSS-induced colitis via modulation of fecal-bacteria-related short-chain fatty acids and intestinal barrier integrity[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2023, 300: 115741. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2022. 115741 . |
| [38] | LI Q, CUI Y, XU B, et al. Main active components of Jiawei Gegen Qinlian decoction protects against ulcerative colitis under different dietary environments in a gut microbiota-dependent manner[J]. Pharmacol Res, 2021, 170: 105694. doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105694 . |
| [39] | 韩罗霞. 芍药汤调控Th17/Treg平衡及短链脂肪酸治疗小鼠湿热型结肠炎作用研究[D]. 兰州: 甘肃农业大学, 2024. |
| [40] | 王庆娜, 杨振斌, 刘乐, 等. 榆苋方对大肠湿热型溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠道微生态及血清VIP、CCK、IL-17、IL-23、IL-10表达的影响[J]. 四川中医, 2024, 42(12): 57-60. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-3649.2024.12.sczy202412021 . |
| [41] | HU J, HUANG H, CHE Y, et al. Qingchang Huashi Formula attenuates DSS-induced colitis in mice by restoring gut microbiota-metabolism homeostasis and goblet cell function[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2021, 266: 113394. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2020.113394 . |
| [42] | 贺守炎, 罗雯鹏, 潘燎, 等. 复方芩柏颗粒对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠的改善作用及机制研究[J]. 中国药房, 2025, 36(6): 686-691. doi:10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2025.06.08 . |
| [43] | 周正华, 冀建斌, 康洪昌, 等. 青赤散对溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道菌群及Treg/Th17免疫平衡的影响[J]. 中华中医药杂志, 2022, 37(8): 4438-4442. |
| [44] | 郑灿磊, 于斌, 厉启芳, 等. 痛泻要方对葡聚糖硫酸钠诱导溃疡性结肠炎小鼠肠道菌群及短链脂肪酸的影响[J]. 时珍国医国药, 2025, 36(19): 3646-3654. doi:10.70976/j.1008-0805.SZGYGY-2025-1907 . |
| [45] | 刘雅清, 刘海帆, 刘滨, 等. 四神丸合痛泻要方治疗脾肾阳虚兼肝郁型溃疡性结肠炎的药效及作用机制[J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 2024, 30(7): 40-48. doi:10.13422/j.cnki.syfjx. 20231719 . |
| [46] | LUO Y, FU S, LIU Y, et al. Banxia Xiexin decoction modulates gut microbiota and gut microbiota metabolism to alleviate DSS-induced ulcerative colitis[J]. J Ethnopharmacol, 2024, 326: 117990. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2024.117990 . |
| [47] | LU D X, LIU F, WU H, et al. Wumei pills attenuates 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis through Toll-like receptor 4/myeloid differentiation factor 88/nuclear factor-κB pathway and microbiota regulation[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2022, 28(32): 4574-4599. doi:10.3748/wjg.v28.i32.4574 . |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |