目的 探讨局部麻醉对甲状腺结节细针穿刺术操作后30 min内疼痛的影响。 方法 采用前瞻性观察性研究，纳入207例患者，分为接受局部麻醉组（n = 99）与未接受麻醉组（n = 108）。采用数字评分量表评估操作后即刻（ 5 min）及延迟期（5 ~ 30 min）疼痛，使用线性回归模型（稳健标准误）分析，并采用Bonferroni法校正多重比较。 结果 局部麻醉与操作后5 ~ 30 min延迟疼痛评分降低相关（β = -0.937，95%CI：-1.293 ~ -0.580，校正后P 0.001），倾向性评分匹配分析证实结果的稳健性；局部麻醉与即刻疼痛的无相关性（校正后P = 0.046，Bonferroni校正α = 0.025）。年龄（β = -0.01，P = 0.043）和穿刺时长（β = 0.07，P = 0.007）亦与延迟疼痛相关。 结论 局部麻醉与甲状腺结节细针穿刺术后5 ~ 30 min延迟疼痛评分降低相关，而穿刺时长延长与疼痛评分升高相关。局部麻醉与即刻疼痛无相关。

Objective To evaluate the association between local anesthesia and procedural pain in patients undergoing fine-needle aspiration （FNA） of thyroid nodules. Methods A total of 207 patients with thyroid nodules who were referred for FNA were prospectively enrolled. Among them， 99 patients received local anesthesia before the procedure， whereas the remaining 108 patients underwent FNA without anesthesia. Pain levels were evaluated using the Numeric Rating Scale （NRS） at two specific time points： immediately after the procedure （within 5 minutes） and during a delayed period （5 - 30 minutes after the procedure）. Linear regression models with robust standard errors and Bonferroni correction were employed for statistical analysis. Results Local anesthesia was associated with a reduction in delayed post-procedural pain NRS at 5 - 30 minutes （β = -0.937， 95%CI： -1.293 - -0.580， adjusted P 0.001）. Older age was associated with less delayed pain （β = -0.01， P = 0.043）， and a longer puncture duration was associated with higher pain scores during this time frame （β = 0.07， P = 0.007）. The association between local anesthesia and immediate post-procedural pain （within 5 minutes） did not reach statistical significance after Bonferroni correction （adjusted P = 0.046； Bonferroni-corrected α = 0.025）. Conclusion Local anesthesia was associated with a reduction in delayed pain （5 - 30 minutes） after thyroid FNA， but not with immediate pain （ 5 minutes）.