目的 探究血清泛连接蛋白1（pannexin-1，Panx-1）、应激诱导蛋白2（stress-induced protein 2，Sestrin2）水平与急性脑出血（acute intracerebral hemorrhage，AICH）患者病情严重程度及预后的关系。 方法 选取2023年2月至2024年4月于徐州市肿瘤医院就诊的AICH患者208例。根据NIHSS评分将其分为轻度缺损亚组（n = 63）、中度缺损亚组（n = 94）及重度缺损亚组（n = 51）。同时，选取200例同年龄层的健康体检者作为对照组。通过独立样本t检验或单因素方差分析比较不同组别中血清Panx-1、Sestrin2水平的差异。通过Pearson分析评估Panx-1、Sestrin2与GCS评分、NIHSS评分的相关性。通过多因素logistic回归分析AICH患者预后不良的危险因素。采用ROC曲线分析血清Panx-1、Sestrin2水平对AICH患者发生预后不良的预测价值。 结果 AICH组患者血清Panx-1、Sestrin2水平明显高于对照组（P < 0.05）。重度缺损亚组患者血清Panx-1、Sestrin2水平高于轻、中度缺损亚组（P < 0.05）。血清Panx-1、Sestrin2水平与NIHSS评分呈正相关，而与GCS评分呈负相关（P < 0.05）。Panx-1、Sestrin2、血肿体积、GCS评分、NIHSS评分、ICU住院时间、并发脑疝、并发肺部感染、并发深静脉血栓是AICH患者发生预后不良的危险因素。ROC曲线显示，Panx-1、Sestrin2联合诊断的AUC值明显高于单一Panx-1、Sestrin2的AUC值。 结论 AICH患者血清Panx-1、Sestrin2水平能够侧面反映神经功能缺损程度，且是AICH患者发生预后不良的独立危险因素。Panx-1、Sestrin2联合诊断能够提高AICH患者发生预后不良的诊断效能，这对辅助临床治疗具有潜在的应用价值。

Objective To evaluate the association of serum pannexin-1 （Panx-1） and stress-induced protein 2 （Sestrin2） levels with neurological severity and 30-day functional outcome in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage （AICH）. Methods A prospective observational cohort study was conducted involving 208 consecutive adult patients diagnosed with spontaneous AICH admitted to our center between February 2023 and April 2024. Patients were stratified by baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale （NIHSS） score into mild （n = 63）， moderate （n = 94）， and severe （n = 51） neurological deficit subgroups. Two hundred age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Serum Panx-1 and Sestrin2 concentrations were quantified using validated ELISA kits. Group comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test （for ≥ 3 groups） or independent-samples t-test （for two-group comparisons）. Pearson correlation coefficients assessed linear associations between biomarker levels， NIHSS score， and Glasgow Coma Scale （GCS） score. Multivariable logistic regression-adjusted for age， sex， hematoma volume （measured on baseline CT）， GCS， NIHSS， ICU length of stay， and comorbidities （cerebral herniation， pulmonary infection， deep vein thrombosis） was used to identify independent predictors of poor 30-day functional outcome （defined as modified Rankin Scale score ≥ 4）. Receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve analysis determined the discriminatory accuracy of Panx-1， Sestrin2， and their combination for predicting poor outcome. Results Compared to control group， the levels of Panx-1 and Sestrin2 were significantly higher in AICH group （P < 0.05）. The serum levels of Panx-1 and Sestrin2 in severe defect subgroup were higher than those in mild and moderate defect subgroup （P < 0.05）. The serum levels of Panx-1 and Sestrin2 were positively correlated with NIHSS score， and negatively correlated with GCS score. Panx-1， Sestrin2， hematoma volume， GCS score， NIHSS score， ICU length of stay， concurrent cerebral herniation， concurrent pulmonary infection， and concurrent deep vein thrombosis were risk factors for poor prognosis in patients with AICH. ROC curve showed that the AUC value of combined diagnosis of Panx-1 and Sestrin2 was significantly higher than that of single diagnosis of Panx-1 and Sestrin2. Conclusions Serum Panx-1 and Sestrin2 levels are robust， severity-dependent biomarkers in AICH， independently associated with baseline neurological impairment and 30-day functional prognosis. Their synergistic integration enhances prognostic stratification accuracy beyond conventional clinical and radiological parameters， supporting their potential utility as adjunctive tools for early risk assessment and personalized therapeutic decision-making.