目的 探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术（laparoscopic cholecystectomy，LC）+腹腔镜经胆囊管胆总管探查术（laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration，LTCBDE）治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的免疫炎症指标变化和短期疗效。 方法 本研究采用回顾性分析方法，纳入2021年6月至2025年6月在承德医学院附属医院肝胆外科行手术干预的803例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石患者为研究对象，按术式不同进行分组对比，将患者分为A组（采用LC+LTCBDE术治疗）467例和B组（采用LC+腹腔镜胆总管探查取石术（laparoscopic common bile duct exploration，LCBDE）+胆管一期缝合术（primary duct closure，PDC）术治疗）336例。比较两组患者围术期及住院资料、肝功能指标、炎症相关指标及并发症发生情况。 结果 A/B两组患者围术期及住院资料无统计学差异（P > 0.05）。A组术后丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）水平较B组降低，血清白蛋白（ALB）水平较B组升高（P < 0.05）。A组术后包括白细胞计数（WBC），C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平较B组降低（P < 0.05）。A组术后并发症发生率高于B组（11.56% vs 8.93%，P > 0.05）。 结论 LTCBDE+LC术与LC+LCBDE+PDC术治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石均具有良好的短期疗效与安全性。LTCBDE+LC术凭借创伤小、恢复快、保留胆道生理功能的优势，更适用于病情相对简单的患者；LC+LCBDE+PDC术则以结石清除彻底、远期并发症少为特点，更适合复杂病例的治疗。

Objective To explore the changes in immune-inflammatory indicators and the short-term therapeutic effect of laparoscopic cholecystectomy （LC） + laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration （LTCBDE） surgery for the treatment of gallbladder stones combined with common bile duct stones. Methods This study adopted a retrospective analysis method. A total of 803 patients with gallbladder stones and common bile duct stones who underwent surgical intervention at the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery in the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University from June 2021 to June 2025 were selected as the research subjects. The patients were grouped and compared according to different surgical methods. They were divided into Group A （treated with LTCBDE + LC surgery）， consisting of 467 cases， and Group B （treated with LC + LCBDE + PDC surgery）， with 336 cases. The perioperative and hospitalization data， liver function indicators， inflammation-related indicators， and the occurrence of complications were compared between the two groups of patients. Results The perioperative and hospitalization data of patients in Group A were significantly lower than those in Group B （P < 0.05）. The levels of alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） in Group A after surgery were significantly lower than those in Group B， while the level of serum albumin （ALB） was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B （P < 0.05）. The levels of white blood cell count （WBC）， C-reactive protein （CRP）， and interleukin-6 （IL-6） after surgery in Group A were significantly lower than those in Group B （P < 0.05）. The incidence of postoperative complications was significantly higher in Group A than in Group B （11.56% vs. 8.93%， P < 0.05）. Conclusions Both the LTCBDE + LC surgery and the LC + LCBDE + PDC surgery demonstrate excellent short-term efficacy and safety when treating gallbladder stones combined with common bile duct stones. The LTCBDE + LC surgery is more suitable for patients with relatively simple conditions because of its advantages such as minimal trauma， rapid recovery， and preservation of biliary physiological functions. In contrast， the LC + LCBDE + PDC surgery is characterized by thorough stone removal and fewer long-term complications， rendering it more appropriate for the treatment of complex cases.