目的 探讨在儿童青少年心境障碍患者中非自杀性自伤行为、攻击行为与睡眠之间的关系，并探索不同性别两者间关系是否有差异，为儿童青少年心境障碍患者早期干预治疗提供理论依据。 方法 收集从2023年1月至2025年1月在广州市花都区人民医院精神心理科就诊10 ~ 19岁确诊心境障碍的儿童青少年患者共404例，采用自评量表评估患者临床严重程度，包括抑郁症状、焦虑症状、睡眠质量、攻击行为倾向等，并由门诊医生标注其既往或目前是否出现自伤行为。 结果 在所有患者中既往或目前自伤行为的发生率为60.64 %，其中女性占比为85.71 %；所有儿童青少年患者中攻击行为与睡眠之间存在相关性，且在女性患者中两者间相关性显著存在，而在男性患者中仅睡眠质量与身体攻击分成反比（r = -0.340，P = 0.043）。 结论 在儿童青少年心境障碍患者中，睡眠与攻击行为相关联，且女性较男性中更显著、非自杀性自伤行为发生率更高。

Objective To explore the relationship between non-suicidal self-injurious behavior， aggressive behavior， and sleep in children and adolescents with mood disorders， and to investigate whether there are differences in this relationship between the two genders， so as to improve the early intervention treatment for children and adolescents with mood disorders. Methods A total of 404 child and adolescent patients aged 10 - 19 who were diagnosed with mood disorders were collected from the Psychiatry Department of Huadu District People's Hospital in Guangzhou from January 2023 to January 2025. Self-rating scales were used to assess the clinical severity of the patients， including depressive symptoms， anxiety symptoms， sleep quality， and aggressive behavior. The outpatient doctors noted whether the patients had engaged in self-harming behavior in the past. Results Among all patients， the incidence of previous or current self-harm behavior was 60.64%. Among these self-harm patients， 85.71% were female. Among all pediatric and adolescent patients， there was a correlation between aggressive behavior and sleep. In female patients， this correlation was significant. In male patients， however， only sleep quality was inversely proportional to the score of physical aggression （r = -0.34， P = 0.043）. Conclusion Among children and adolescents with mood disorders， sleep is associated with aggressive behavior， and this association is more significant in females than in males， who also have a higher incidence of non-suicidal self-injurious behavior.