目的 了解密切接触人群的结核潜伏感染现状，探索相关危险因素及其对人群的影响，评估国产AIMTB荧光免疫层析试剂在肺结核密切接触者中检测结核潜伏感染（LTBI）的效能和应用价值。 方法 采用前瞻性研究设计，连续纳入267例于2024年1—10月在结核科陪诊活动性肺结核患者的成年家庭密切接触者，排除11例年龄不符或入组后无法提供符合要求的检测样本，共纳入256例患者作为研究对象。收集一般人口学信息和临床信息，进行χ²检验和关联强度分析，由经过培训的实验员对研究对象的血样同步进行AIMTB与QFT-Plus检测，并进行数据分析。 结果 纳入研究病例样本男97例，女159例，年龄（48.47 ± 14.96）岁，初中及以下人群LTBI检出率高于高中及以上人群，吸烟人群高于不吸烟人群，饮酒人群高于不饮酒人群，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。多因素logistic回归结果显示，年龄≥ 60岁（OR = 1.800，95%CI：1.00 ~ 3.241）、吸烟（OR = 3.182， 95%CI：1.676 ~ 6.041）是LTBI的独立危险因素。QFT-Plus阳性率为33.6%（86/256），AIMTB阳性率为38.3%（98/256），两种检测方法学阳性一致率可达到93.68%，阴性一致率为93.02%，总符合率90.63%。其一致性强度经Cohen's Kappa系数评估达0.797，提示两种检测方法具有高度诊断一致性。对检出率有显著差异的人群进一步亚组分析发现，两种方法，在不同性别、年龄分层及教育程度下都具有高度一致性，除年龄≥ 60岁组外（0.740），kappa值> 0.75。在ROC曲线分析下显示，曲线下面积为0.989。 结论 在密切接触人群中，吸烟为LTBI的独立危险因素，人群中部分LTBI可归因为吸烟的影响。AIMTB与QFT-Plus在密接者LTBI筛查中呈现高度一致性，且敏感度和特异度较高，AIMTB在LTBI的筛查中具有一定临床价值和公共卫生意义。

Objective To determine the prevalence and identify the risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection （LTBI） among close contacts of active pulmonary tuberculosis， and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the domestic AIMTB fluorescent immunochromatographic reagent in detecting LTBI within this population. Methods A prospective study design was employed to continuously recruit 267 adult family close contacts of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis in the tuberculosis department from January to October 2024. After enrollment， eleven cases were excluded because of age mismatch or the inability to provide compliant testing samples， leaving 256 eligible subjects for the study. General demographic information and clinical data were gathered， and chi-square tests and association strength analyses were carried out. Blood samples were examined for AIMTB and QFT-Plus by trained laboratory personnel， and data analysis was carried out. Results In this study， a total of 97 males and 159 females participated， with an average age of （48.47 ± 14.96） years. The LTBI detection rate was significantly higher among individuals with middle school education or below compared to those with high-school education or above. Moreover， the detection rate was significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers and in drinkers than in non-drinkers. The results of multivariate logistic regression indicated that age ≥ 60 years （OR = 1.800， 95%CI： 1.00-3.241） and smoking （OR = 3.182， 95%CI： 1.676-6.041） are independent risk factors for LTBI. The positive rate of the QFT-Plus test was 33.6%（86/256）， and that of the AIMTB test was 38.3%（98/256）. The positive agreement rate between the two testing methods reached 93.68%， the negative agreement rate was 93.02%， and the overall agreement rate was 90.63%. The consistency strength evaluated by Cohen's Kappa coefficient was 0.797， suggesting high diagnostic consistency between the two testing methods. A further subgroup analysis of the groups with significant differences in detection rates revealed that both methods showed high consistency across different genders， age stratifications， and education levels， with kappa values greater than 0.75， except for the age group ≥ 60 years（0.740）. Under ROC curve analysis， the area under the curve was 0.989. Conclusions In populations with close contact， smoking serves as a risk factor for LTBI， and a certain proportion of LTBI cases in this population can be ascribed to smoking. The AIMTB and QFT-Plus tests demonstrate a high level of consistency in LTBI screening among close contacts， featuring high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover， the AIMTB test holds specific clinical value and public health significance in the screening of LTBI.