收稿日期: 2025-07-24
网络出版日期: 2025-12-25
基金资助
广东省医学科研基金项目(A2021454);广州市基础与应用基础研究项目(202102020095)
Causal association of 35 biomarkers, including apolipoprotein B, serum phosphate, and calcium, with bone mineral density: A Mendelian randomization analysis
Received date: 2025-07-24
Online published: 2025-12-25
目的 通过两样本孟德尔随机化设计研究35种生物标志物与不同部位骨密度的潜在因果关系。 方法 从英国生物银行(UK Biobank,UKB)筛选出与35种生物标志物相关的单核苷酸多态性作为工具变量,利用骨质疏松症遗传因素联盟(GEFOS)以及大型的GWAS meta分析的汇总数据,采用逆方差加权(inverse variance weighted,IVW)、加权中位数法、MR-Egger回归法及简单中位数法评估遗传学预测因果关系,同时进行敏感性分析和稳健性检验。另外,利用其他欧洲人群中的骨密度GWAS数据中再次进行MR验证35种生物标志物与不同部位骨密度的潜在因果关系。 结果 IVW结果显示,载脂蛋白B与足跟骨密度之间可能存在负向因果关系(OR = 0.98,95%CI:0.97 ~ 1.00,P = 0.027);血磷与股骨颈骨密度之间可能存在正向因果关系(OR = 1.09,95%CI:1.03 ~ 1.15,P = 0.003);血钙与颅骨、腰椎骨密度之间可能存在负向因果关系(OR = 0.90,95%CI:0.85 ~ 0.95,P = 1.75 × 10-4;OR = 0.92,95%CI:0.86 ~ 0.98,P = 0.007)。此外,血尿素氮、肾小球滤过率、甘油三酯及总蛋白亦与骨密度有潜在关联(P < 0.05)。MR-Egger回归表明,这些关联未受水平多效性影响,加权中位数法、简单中位数法结果与IVW一致。上述标志物与骨密度的关联均在验证集中得到验证。 结论 基于大样本的两样本孟德尔随机化研究,系统探讨了35种生物标志物与多部位骨密度之间潜在因果关系,其中载脂蛋白B升高可能会降低足跟骨密度水平,血磷升高或有助于维持股骨颈骨密度,而血钙升高则可能与颅骨、腰椎骨密度下降相关。
庄见雄 , 陈蓉 , 涂剑 , 余正然 , 郑晓青 , 昌耘冰 , 顾宏林 . 基于孟德尔随机化分析载脂蛋白B、血磷和血钙等35种生物标志物和骨密度的因果关联[J]. 实用医学杂志, 2025 , 41(24) : 3947 -3958 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-5725.2025.24.020
Objective To investigate the potential causal relationship between 35 blood and urine markers and bone mineral density (BMD) at different skeletal sites using a two-sample Mendelian randomization design. Methods Genetic instruments (single-nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs) associated with the 35 biomarkers were selected from the UK Biobank (UKB). GWAS aggregate data for bone mineral density were obtained from the Osteoporosis Genetic Factors Consortium (GEFOS). The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method served as the primary analysis, supplemented by the weighted median, simple median, and MR-Egger methods. Sensitivity analyses, including tests for pleiotropy and heterogeneity, were performed to ensure robustness. Furthermore, the significant findings were validated in independent European GWAS datasets. Results IVW results showed that apolipoprotein B was negatively associated with heel BMD (OR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.97 ~ 1.00, P = 0.027). There may be a causal relationship between blood phosphorus and bone mineral density of femoral neck (OR = 1.09,95%CI: 1.03 ~ 1.15, P = 0.003); Elevated blood calcium levels were potentially causally linked to reduced BMD in the skull (OR = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.85 ~ 0.95, P = 1.75 × 10??) and lumbar spine (OR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.86 ~ 0.98, P = 0.007). We also found blood urea nitrogen, glomerular filtration rate, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, and total protein also have potential correlations with bone mineral density, and the P-values are all less than 0.05. MR-Egger regression suggests that the above causal association is not affected by horizontal pleiotropy, and weighted median method and simple median method can obtain results similar to IVW. All these biomarker-BMD associations were replicated in the validation cohort. Conclusions This large-scale two-sample MR study systematically identifies potential causal effects of specific biomarkers on site-specific BMD. The findings suggest that higher apolipoprotein B may reduce heel BMD, elevated blood phosphorus might help maintain femoral neck BMD, and increased blood calcium could be associated with lower BMD in the skull and lumbar spine.
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