目的 探究结核特异性抗原ESAT⁃6/CFP⁃10刺激外周血单个核细胞后颗粒酶B（GrB）水平对儿童活动性结核（ATB）的诊断价值。方法 选取2019年1⁃8月武汉市金银潭医院和武汉儿童医院86例儿 童，［ATB 26例、结核潜伏感染（LTBI）20例、非结核病对照（Non⁃TB）20例，健康对照（HC）20例］，ELISA检测ESAT⁃6/CFP⁃10刺激外周血单个核细胞后GrB 水平，流式细胞术检测表达 GrB 和干扰素⁃γ（IFN⁃γ）的 CD4+T、CD8+T细胞比例。结果 ESAT⁃6/CFP⁃10刺激后结核组特异性 GrB较对照组显著升高（P < 0.001），且LTBI组显著高于ATB组（P<0.001）。CD4+T、CD8+T细胞均可分泌 GrB。结论 结核特异性GrB 对儿童

Objective To explore the diagnostic value of granzyme B stimulated by ESAT⁃6/CFP⁃10 in pediatric patients with tuberculosis. Methods A total of 86 children（26 children with ATB，20 with LTBI，20 Non⁃TB，20 healthy）from Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Children′s Hospital from January to August 2019 were selected. ELISA was used to detect the level of GrB in peripheral blood after ESAT⁃6/CFP⁃10 stimulation and flow cytometry to detect the expression of GrB and IFN⁃ γ in CD4+ /CD8+ T cells. Results After ESAT⁃6/CFP⁃10 stimulation，the level of MTB⁃specific GrB of tuberculosis patients was significantly increased when compared with the control group（P < 0.001），especially，the level of MTB⁃specific GrB of LTBI patients was notably higher that of ATB patients（P < 0.001）. GrB can be secreted jointly by CD4+ T and CD8+ T cells. Conclusion MTB⁃specific GrB may have great value in the differential diagnosis of active tuberculosis in pediatric patients.