目的 探讨血清β干扰素TIR结构域衔接蛋白（TRIF）、亲环素A（CyPA）、泛素羧基末端水解酶L1（UCH-L1）、铁调素（Hepc）联合检测对早产儿脑损伤（BIPI）的早期诊断价值。 方法 回顾性收集2022年1月至2024年12月我院收治的BIPI患儿105例的临床资料作为病例组，根据患儿脑损伤程度将其分为重度组（31例）和轻度组（74例），另按照1∶1比例回顾性收集于我院出生的健康早产儿105例的临床资料作为对照组。比较各组临床资料及血清TRIF、CyPA、UCH-L1、Hepc水平，采用Pearson相关性分析血清TRIF、CyPA、UCH-L1、Hepc水平与新生儿神经行为测定（NBNA）评分的关系，绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线，并获取曲线下面积（AUC），分析血清TRIF、CyPA、UCH-L1、Hepc对BIPI的早期诊断价值。 结果 病例组血清TRIF、CyPA、UCH-L1、Hepc水平高于对照组（P < 0.05），NBNA评分低于对照组（P < 0.05）。重度组血清TRIF、CyPA、UCH-L1、Hepc水平高于轻度组（P < 0.05），NBNA评分低于轻度组（P < 0.05）。Pearson相关性分结果显示，血清TRIF、CyPA、UCH-L1、Hepc水平与NBNA评分均呈负相关（r = -0.579、-0.514、-0.609、-0.588，P < 0.05）。ROC分析结果显示，血清TRIF、CyPA、UCH-L1、Hepc联合检测早期诊断BIPI的AUC值为0.927，高于各指标单独检测（0.819、0.803、0.776、0.767，P < 0.05）。 结论 BIPI患儿血清TRIF、CyPA、UCH-L1、Hepc水平呈高表达，上述标志物水平与患儿疾病进展及神经功能发育有关，且上述标志物联合检测早期诊断BIPI更具优势。

Objective To investigate the early diagnostic value of combined detection of serum TIR?domain?containing adapter?inducing interferon?β （TRIF）， cyclophilin A （CyPA）， ubiquitin carboxyl?terminal hydrolase L1 （UCH?L1）， and hepcidin （Hepc） in brain injury among premature infants （BIPI）. Methods Clinical data from 105 infants with brain injury following perinatal asphyxia （BIPI） admitted to our hospital between January 2022 and December 2024 were retrospectively collected and assigned to the case group， which was further subdivided into a severe subgroup （n = 31） and a mild subgroup （n = 74） based on the extent of brain injury. As controls， clinical data from 105 healthy preterm infants born in our hospital during the same period were retrospectively enrolled in a 1∶1 ratio. Serum levels of TRIF， CyPA， UCH?L1， and Hepc， along with clinical characteristics， were compared between the groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the association between serum biomarker levels and neonatal behavioral neurological assessment （NBNA） scores. The diagnostic performance of these biomarkers for early detection of BIPI was assessed by constructing receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curves and calculating the area under the curve （AUC）. Results Serum levels of TRIF， CyPA， UCH?L1， and Hepc were significantly higher in the case group than in the control group （P < 0.05）， while NBNA scores were significantly lower in the case group （P < 0.05）. Similarly， serum levels of these biomarkers were significantly elevated in the severe group compared to the mild group （P < 0.05）， accompanied by significantly lower NBNA scores in the severe group （P < 0.05）. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that serum levels of TRIF， CyPA， UCH?L1， and Hepc were negatively correlated with NBNA scores （r = -0.579， -0.514， -0.609， -0.588； all P < 0.05）. ROC analysis demonstrated that the combined detection of these four markers yielded an AUC of 0.927 for early diagnosis of BIPI， which was significantly higher than the AUCs of individual markers （0.819， 0.803， 0.776， and 0.767， respectively； P < 0.05）. Conclusions The serum levels of TRIF， CyPA， UCH?L1， and Hepc in children with BIPI were significantly elevated. These biomarkers were closely associated with disease progression and neurological development， and their combined measurement demonstrated superior performance in the early diagnosis of BIPI.