目的 探索非梗阻性无精子症患者阴茎勃起硬度的现状及其影响因素。 方法 2024年1—12月于生殖医学中心对450例非梗阻性无精子症患者进行问卷调查，采用自制的一般资料调查问卷收集其人口学资料，采用勃起硬度评分表（EHS）调查其阴茎勃起硬度的现状，采用自制的问卷调查其影响因素。 结果 450例非梗阻性无精子症患者中，在性生活时，35.3%的患者表示阴茎勃起硬度能达到4级（正常的状态），54.5%的患者表示阴茎勃起硬度仅达到3级（欠佳的状态），9.3%的患者表示阴茎勃起硬度只达到2级（阴茎轻微勃起），0.9%的患者表示阴茎勃起硬度只达到1级（阴茎无法勃起）。在性生活质量满意度调查结果示：仅24.9%的患者表示对性生活质量十分满意；57.3%的患者表示对性生活质量基本满意；9.6%的患者表示性生活质量一般；4.0%的患者表示对性生活质量不满意；3.1%的患者表示对性生活质量非常不满意，1.1%的患者表示夫妻间无性生活。二元logistic回归分析结果显示，非梗阻性无精子症患者的阴茎勃起硬度的影响因素为饮酒（OR = 2.393，95%CI：1.493 ~ 3.836）、性生活质量满意度（OR = 1.455，95%CI：1.118 ~ 1.894）、学历（OR = 0.709，95%CI：0.549 ~ 0.917）和近1个月睡眠质量情况（OR = 0.641，95%CI：0.452 ~ 0.907）。 结论 饮酒习惯、性生活满意度、睡眠质量及学历等因素，共同影响非梗阻性无精子症患者的阴茎勃起硬度。医护团队需基于患者个体差异，定制个性化干预方案与科普内容，通过心理疏导和生活方式指导，改善勃起功能与性生活质量，促进夫妻关系和谐，提升患者生活体验。

Objective To explore the current status of penile erection hardness and its influencing factors in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Methods From January to December 2024， 450 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia were surveyed at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Hospital. A self-made general information questionnaire was used to collect their demographic data. The Erectile Hardness Scale （EHS） was employed to investigate the current status of their penile erection hardness， and a self-made questionnaire was utilized to explore the influencing factors. Results Among the 450 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia， during sexual intercourse， 35.3% of the patients reported that their penile erection hardness could reach grade 4 （normal state）， 54.5% reported that it only reached grade 3 （sub-optimal state）， 9.3% reported that it only reached grade 2 （slight penile erection）， and 0.9% reported that it only reached grade 1 （inability to achieve an erection）. In the survey of satisfaction with sexual life quality， among the 450 patients， only 24.9% were very satisfied with their sexual life quality； 57.3% were basically satisfied； 9.6% considered it average； 4.0% were dissatisfied； 3.1% were very dissatisfied； and 1.1% had no sexual life. alcohol consumption（OR = 2.393，95%CI：1.493 ~ 3.836）， satisfaction with the quality of sexual life（OR = 1.455，95%CI：1.118 ~ 1.894）， educational attainment（OR = 0.709，95%CI：0.549 ~ 0.917）， and the sleep quality in the past month（OR = 0.641，95%CI：0.452 ~ 0.907）. Conclusions Clinical studies have shown that factors such as drinking habits， sexual life satisfaction， sleep quality， and educational attainment collectively influence the penile erection hardness in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Therefore， the medical team needs to customize personalized intervention plans and educational materials based on individual differences among patients. Through psychological counseling and lifestyle guidance， they can improve erectile function and the quality of sexual life， promote harmonious marital relationships， and enhance the overall life experience of the patients.