目的 探讨血液流变学指标与颈动脉粥样硬化（CAS）的相关性。 方法 回顾性收集完成颈动脉超声和血液流变学检查的患者共153例，根据是否患有CAS，分为CAS组96例和非CAS组57例。比较两组患者的一般临床资料和实验室指标，运用多因素logistic回归分析CAS发生的影响因素，同时绘制ROC曲线观察血液流变学指标预测CAS的作用，并根据最大约登指数选取最佳截断值。 结果 CAS组患者的年龄、体质量指数（BMI）、红细胞聚集指数、全血低切还原黏度、全血高切还原黏度、血浆黏度、纤维蛋白原水平均高于非CAS组（P < 0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示，血浆黏度（OR = 38.270，95%CI：1.206 ~ 1 214.508）、年龄（OR = 1.119，95%CI：1.065 ~ 1.176）是CAS发生的危险因素（P < 0.05）。ROC曲线显示血浆黏度、年龄的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.623、0.728。 结论 发生CAS的患者在血浆黏度、年龄等方面均较无CAS患者高，血浆黏度水平升高、老龄化是CAS发生的危险因素，血浆黏度≥ 1.46 mPa·s和年龄超过56.5岁对预测CAS有重要价值。

Objective To explore the relationship between hemorheology and Carotid Atherosclerosis. Methods The clinical data of 153 patients who underwent both hemorheological testing and carotid artery ultrasound were divided into a CAS group (n = 96) and a non?CAS group (n = 57) based on ultrasound findings. Clinical data and laboratory indicators were compared between two groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of CAS. The ROC curves graph were drawn to observe the role of hemorheological indicators in predicting CAS and select the optimal cutoff value based on the maximum Youden index. Results The CAS group demonstrated higher levels in age， BMI， RBC aggregation index，low & high shear reduced viscosity of whole blood，plasma viscosity and fibrinogen compared to the non?CAS group （P < 0.05）. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that plasma viscosity （OR = 38.270， 95% CI：1.206 ~ 1214.508），age （OR = 1.119， 95% CI： 1.065 ~ 1.176） were risk factors for the occurrence of CAS （P < 0.05）. The ROC curves showed that the area under the curve （AUC） of plasma viscosity and age were 0.623、0.728. Conclusion CAS patients have high levels of plasma viscosity and advanged age compared to the patient without CAS. Elevated plasma viscosity and age is a risk factor for CAS， with plasma viscosity ≥ 1.46 mPa·s， over the age of 56.5 as a significant value for predicting CAS.